Abstract: A method of determining a number of a solution constituent includes introducing a first number of solution constituents to a first test location, establishing a first binding environment for the introduced first number of solution constituents, creating a first residual number of solution constituents by binding a first plurality of solution constituents, establishing a second binding environment for the first residual number of solution constituents, creating a second residual number of solution constituents by binding a second plurality of solution constituents from the first residual number of solution constituents, obtaining a first signal associated with the bound first plurality of solution constituents, obtaining a second signal associated with the bound second plurality of solution constituents, and determining a second number of a constituent of interest based upon the obtained first signal and the obtained second signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting a biomarker in one embodiment includes identifying a quantity of biomolecule types in a sample, exposing the sample to a plurality of test sites, wherein the number of test sites in the plurality of test sites is equal to or greater than the identified quantity of biomolecule types, establishing, for each of the plurality of test sites, a respective test environment, wherein the test environment for each of the plurality of test sites is different from the test environment for each of the other of the plurality of test sites, obtaining a detection signal associated with each of the plurality of test sites, and determining the concentration of one of the biomolecule types based upon the obtained detection signals.

Abstract: A method of determining a number of a solution constituent includes introducing a first number of solution constituents to a first test location, establishing a first binding environment for the introduced first number of solution constituents, creating a first residual number of solution constituents by binding a first plurality of solution constituents, establishing a second binding environment for the first residual number of solution constituents, creating a second residual number of solution constituents by binding a second plurality of solution constituents from the first residual number of solution constituents, obtaining a first signal associated with the bound first plurality of solution constituents, obtaining a second signal associated with the bound second plurality of solution constituents, and determining a second number of a constituent of interest based upon the obtained first signal and the obtained second signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting a biomarker in one embodiment includes identifying a quantity of biomolecule types in a sample, exposing the sample to a plurality of test sites, wherein the number of test sites in the plurality of test sites is equal to or greater than the identified quantity of biomolecule types, establishing, for each of the plurality of test sites, a respective test environment, wherein the test environment for each of the plurality of test sites is different from the test environment for each of the other of the plurality of test sites, obtaining a detection signal associated with each of the plurality of test sites, and determining the concentration of one of the biomolecule types based upon the obtained detection signals.

Abstract: An alignment gauge used to align the concave broadface copper in a continuous casting mold with a reference point below the mold such as the first and second rolls in the zero segment. The gauge includes a pair of support members with a first side and a second side. The first side of the support members has a curved edge that matches the concave curved wall of the broadface copper. The first side also has a pair of probes for detecting the position of the first and second rolls in the zero segment. Information regarding the alignment of the concave broadface copper with the first and second rolls in the zero segment is provided to a display in electrical communication with the probe.