Abstract: Antiperspirant compositions in the form of gel sticks, which provide the user with excellent antiperspirant efficacy while exhibiting good stability, are disclosed. These compositions utilize particular gelling agents which are stable under the acidic conditions required in antiperspirant compositions. Specifically, the compositions have an acidic pH and include an antiperspirant active, a gelling agent which comprises dibenzylidene alditols substituted on the benzene ring with an electron withdrawing group, and a solvent for the gelling agent. Examples of preferred gelling agents include di(meta-fluorobenzylidene) sorbitol and di(meta-chlorobenzylidene) sorbitol. The method of preventing and controlling perspiration wetness using these compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: Gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amide compounds and laundry, cleaning, fabric and personal care compositions comprising these compounds.

Abstract: Poly polyhydroxy fatty acid amide compounds and laundry, cleaning, fabric and personal care compositions comprising these compounds.

Abstract: Laundry or toilet bars comprising one or more surface active agents such as soaps or synthetic detergents are prepared using an alkoxy or aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide to improve bar smear, cracking or wearing qualities, Palm oil chain-length fatty acid amides of N-(3-methoxypropyl) glucamine and N-(2-methoxyethyl) glucamine are examples of the glucamide surfactant used in such bars.

Abstract: Ethoxylated nonionic or AES surfactants are combined with N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amides to provide a waxy, solid material which is useful as a stick-form spot remover or as a convenient means for adding otherwise liquid nonionic surfactants to granular detergent compositions, detergent bars and the like. Thus, C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 alcohol ethoxylates or C.sub.12-18 ethoxy sulfates are combined with C.sub.12 fatty acid N-(3-methoxypropyl)glucamide to provide solid, waxy materials useful for cleaning purposes.

Abstract: High sudsing detergent compositions comprising N-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are provided by the addition of secondary carboxylate surfactants. Thus, cocofatty acid N-(3-methoxypropyl) glucamide is used in liquid, granular or bar compositions in combination with conventional detergent ingredients and secondary fatty acids such as 2-methyl undecanoic acid. The compositions exhibit high, relatively persistent suds and high emulsifying and cleaning properties, especially with respect to greasy soils of the type commonly found on eating utensils and in food stains on fabrics.

Abstract: Thickened liquid detergent compositions are prepared using N-hydroxyalkyl succinimide compounds as the thickening agent. Stable compositions at acidic pH's are used to remove lime scale from bathroom tile surfaces. Thus, octyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-succinimide is prepared by the reaction of N-octylsuccinic anhydride and monoethanolamine and combined with magnesium C.sub.12 alkyl sulfate and citric acid at a pH around 2 in a water carrier and used to remove lime scale from environmental surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manufacturing a linear glucamide surfactant comprising reacting an N-alkylglucamine, e.g., N-methylglucamine, a fatty ester, e.g., coconut oil in the presence of a phase transfer agent, generally a nonionic surfactant, preferably a preformed product of the process, the reaction preferably being conducted in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for manufacturing a linear glucamide surfactant comprises reacting an N-alkylglucamine, e.g., N-methylglucamine, a fatty ester, e.g., coconut methyl ester and a catalyst selected from trilithium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, disodium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, sodium basic silicates, potassium basic silicates, sodium basic aluminosilicates, potassium basic aluminosilicates and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing N-(1,2 propanediol) fatty acid amide surfactants of the general type RC(O)NR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 OH, especially where R.sup.1 is methyl or hydroxyethyl, are useful surfactants in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, shampoos, bar soaps, and hard surface cleaners. The amide surfactants provide good cleaning even in the absence of LAS surfactants.

Abstract: Improved process for manufacturing a linear glucamide surfactant comprising reacting an N-alkylglucamine, e.g., N-methylglucamine, a fatty ester, e.g., coconut methyl ester and a catalyst at high concentration selected from trilithium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, disodium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, sodium basic silicates, potassium basic silicates, sodium basic aluminosilicates, potassium basic aluminosilicates and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Amines such as methyl amine are reacted with materials such as reducing sugars in hydroxy solvents such as methanol to prepare N-alkyl polyhydroxy amines. Accordingly, glucose is reacted with methyl amine and the resulting adduct is hydrogenated to yield N-methylglucamine. The N-alkyl polyhydroxyamines can be subsequently reacted with fatty esters to provide polyhydroxy fatty acid amides useful as detersive surfactants. Thus, detersive surfactants are available from non-petrochemical precursors such as sugars and sugar sources such as corn syrup, and fatty acid esters derivable from various fats and oils.

Abstract: Low-sudsing detergent compositions comprise an N-alkyl polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant, wherein the N-alkyl substituent is at least C.sub.2, preferably C.sub.3 -C.sub.8. Such compositions are useful under cleaning conditions where excessive sudsing may be problematic.

Abstract: Polyhydroxy amines reacted with fatty acid esters yield polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants, such as the C.sub.11 -C.sub.17 fatty N-methyl glucamides, which may be contaminated with secondary amines. Such amines are acylated by a reaction with acetic anhydride. The resulting "clean" polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants are preferred for use in the presence of oxidants, especially in the formulation of modern, colorless liquid detergents.

Abstract: Near-quantitative conversion of maleate to D,L-malate is rapidly secured by heating an aqueous alkaline mixture of maleate and excess of the divalent cations calcium, magnesium or mixtures thereof in a reactor at autogenous pressures and at temperatures above reflux. The simplest raw materials for the process are maleic anhydride and calcium hydroxide. The product is secured as an unusual, typically granular solid form of the divalent metal malate salt which is very useful in processes for preparing other malate salts, malic acid, or 2,2'-oxodisuccinate laundry detergent builders.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing N-(1,2 propanediol) fatty acid amide surfactants of the general type RC(0)NR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 OH, especially where R.sup.1 is methyl or hydroxyethyl, are useful surfactants in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, shampoos, bar soaps, and hard surface cleaners. The amide surfactants provide good cleaning even in the absence of LAS surfactants.

Abstract: Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide materials are prepared from reactants such as N-methylglucamine and fatty acid esters in the presence of hydroxy solvents. Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide detersive surfactants are secured. By-product and color formation are minimized.

Abstract: The synthesis of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants exemplified by the compound C.sub.11 H.sub.23 C(O)N(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 [CHOH].sub.4 CH.sub.2 OH by reacting a fatty acid ester with an N-alkyl sugar amine can result in contamination of the product surfactant by residual sources of fatty acids. These residual fatty acids may be unacceptable in high sudsing detergent compositions, such as dishwashing liquids, especially with Ca or Mg cations. The process of this invention reacts such contaminants with alkyl amines or, especially, ethanolamine, to convert them into fatty alkyl- or alkanolamides, which are quite acceptable in fully-formulated detergent compositions for home or industrial use.

Abstract: Mixtures of tartrate disuccinate and tartrate monosuccinate enriched in the disuccinate species are prepared by reacting isomerically pure D- or L-tartaric acid with maleic anhydride in the presence of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: High yields of 2,2'-oxodisuccinate are secured by reacting maleate and malate in aqueous alkaline media containing mixtures of particular divalent (e.g., Ca.sup.2+) and solubilizing monovalent (e.g., Na.sup.+) cations. In a preferred embodiment, the process has both an elevated temperature primary reaction step and one or more low temperature maturation steps. Yields of 2,2'-oxodisuccinate are increased and formation of fumarate byproduct is minimized.