Abstract: Herein is disclosed a sensor for noninvasive measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the skin of a human. The sensor comprises a housing, a gas measuring chamber for measuring gases, at least one chimney for communication of gases diffusing through the skin to the gas measuring chamber, a broad band light source transmitting light into the gas measuring chamber and a detector system comprising a first and a second photodetector. The first photodetector detects light at a wavelength wherein CO2 absorbs light and the second photodetector acts as a zero reference detector by measuring light in a freeband where no gases absorb light.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a sensor for noninvasive measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the skin of a human. The sensor comprises a housing, a gas measuring chamber for measuring gases, at least one chimney for communication of gases diffusing through the skin to the gas measuring chamber, a broad band light source transmitting light into the gas measuring chamber and a detector system comprising a first and a second photodetector. The first photodetector detects light at a wavelength wherein CO2 absorbs light and the second photodetector acts as a zero reference detector by measuring light in a freeband where no gases absorb light.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an inverse treatment planning system. The system includes, at least a data bus system (102), a memory (106) coupled to the data bus system (102), and a processing unit (104) coupled to the data bus system (102). The processing unit (104) is configured to execute the instructions to pre-compute (10) a set of individual dose shots (aj), each individual dose shot having a predetermined location inside and/or outside a target area, a size and a shape. The processing unit also associates (40) a weight (sj) to each individual dose shot (aj), based on one or more constraints (20). The processing unit (104) further executes the instructions to find (30) the sparsest subset of individual dose shots, so as to satisfy said one or more constraints (20).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a radiation inverse treatment planning system for a linear accelerator. The system includes a radiation source, configured for delivering individual radiotherapeutic dose shots (aj), each individual radiotherapeutic dose shot having a predetermined location and incidence angle inside and/or outside a target area, a size and a shape. The system also includes at least a data bus system (102), and a memory (106) coupled to the data bus system (102), wherein the memory (106) includes a computer usable program code. The system also includes a processing unit (104) coupled to the data bus system (102), wherein the processing unit (104) is configured to execute the computer usable program code to pre-compute (10) a set of individual radiotherapeutie dose shots (aj), and associate (40) a weight (sj) to each individual radiotherapeutic dose shot (aj), based on one or more constraints (20).

Abstract: The present invention concerns an inverse treatment planning system, comprising: at least a data bus system (102), a memory (106) coupled to the data bus system (102), wherein the memory (106) comprises a computer usable program code, and a processing unit (104) coupled to the data bus system (102), wherein the processing unit (104) is configured to execute the computer usable program code to pre-compute (10) a set of individual dose shots (aj), each individual dose shot having a predetermined location inside and/or outside a target area, a size and a shape, associate (40) a weight (sj) to each individual dose shot (aj), based on one or more constraints (20), characterised in that the processing unit (104) executes the computer usable program code to find (30) the sparsest subset of individual dose shots, so as to satisfy said one or more constraints (20).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a radiation inverse treatment planning system for a linear accelerator, comprising: a radiation source, configured for delivering individual dose shots (aj), each individual dose shot having a predetermined location and incidence angle inside and/or outside a target area, a size and a shape at least a data bus system (102), a memory (106) coupled to the data bus system (102), wherein the memory (106) comprises a computer usable program code, and a processing unit (104) coupled to the data bus system (102), wherein the processing unit (104) is configured to execute the computer usable program code to pre-compute (10) a set of individual dose shots (aj), associate (40) a weight (sj) to each individual dose shot (aj), based on one or more constraints (20), characterised in that the processing unit (104) executes the computer usable program code to find (30) the sparsest subset of individual dose shots, so as to satisfy said one or more constraints (20).

Abstract: A sensor system for detection of a gaseous chemical substance is provided, which includes an optical sampling cell holding a sampling chamber of a volume of at most 20 mm3, a light emitter and a light receiver. The sampling cell is adapted for free-space, single monomodal propagation of the light beam. With the sensor system, high sensitivity is obtained by elimination of interferometric noise.

Abstract: The sensor system for the detection of chemical substances has a spiral optical waveguide which produces an evanescent field penetrating into the adjacent medium, a light source for coupling light into the waveguide, and a detecting circuit for receiving light from the waveguide and producing an output signal reflecting the sensed chemical substance. The waveguide has the form of a bifilar, non-crossing spiral. It consists of an incoming or decreasing spiral segment and an outgoing or increasing spiral segment continuously bound by a central semi-circular segment.

Abstract: The sensor system for the detection of chemical substances has a spiral optical waveguide which produces an evanescent field penetrating into the adjacent medium, a light source for coupling light into the waveguide, and a detecting circuit for receiving light from the waveguide and producing an output signal reflecting the sensed chemical substance. The waveguide has the form of a bifilar, non-crossing spiral. It consists of an incoming or decreasing spiral segment and an outgoing or increasing spiral segment continuously bound by a central semi-circular segment.