Abstract: A synthetic particulate vector comprising a non-liquid hydrophilic nucleus and an outer layer at least partially consisting of amphiphilic compounds, which is combined with the nucleus by hydrophobic interactions and/or ionic bonds. A process for preparing a particulate vector by encapsulating an ionizable active principle, vectors obtained according to such a process, and pharmaceutical, cosmeticological and food compositions comprising such vectors are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biodegradable particulate vector for transporting biologically active molecules is prepared containing a nucleus formed of a cross-linked polysaccharide or oligosaccharide matrix having grafted ionic ligands, a layer of fatty acid compounds covalently bonded to the nucleus and a layer of phospholipids hydrophobically bonded to the layer of fatty acid compounds. Dextran, cellulose or starch may be cross-linked with epichlorohydrin to form a cross-linked polysaccharide matrix. Ionic ligands may be grafted using an acidic compound such as succinic acid, phosphoric acid or phosphorous oxychloride, or a basic compound such as choline, hydroxycholine, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol or 2-(dimethylamino) ethylamine fastened onto the grafted acidic compound. Phosphoric acid or phosphorous oxychloride in one step provide both cross-linking and ionic ligands. Co-cross-linking can be obtained using a protein such as keratin, collagen or elastase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particulate vector, characterized in that it comprises, from the inside to the outside, a non-liquid hydrophilic core, an external layer comprised of lipid compounds grafted on the core by covalent bonds. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing such vectors, as well as to a process for enhancing the activity of the polypeptide cellular mediator.

Abstract: A biodegradable particulate vector for transporting biologically active molecules is prepared containing a nucleus for containing a biologically active molecule, a first layer of fatty acid compounds covalently bonded to the nucleus and a second layer of phospholipids hydrophobically bonded to the first layer. The nucleus is between 10 nm and 10 .mu.m in size and is formed of a cross-linked polysaccharide or oligosaccharide matrix onto which ionic ligands are uniformly grafted. The cross-linked polysaccharide may be dextran, cellulose or starch cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. The ligand may be an acidic compound selected from succinic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, or a basic compound such as choline, hydroxycholine, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol or 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine fastened onto the matrix via the acidic compound. The polysaccharide or oligosaccharide may be co-cross-linked with a protein such as keratin/collagen or elastase.

Abstract: Particle for use especially as a fat substitute, characterized in that it includes an insoluble hydrophile matrix, surrounded by a hydrophobic layer of fatty acids bound to the matrix by covalent bonds and capable of interacting with lipidic or amphiphilic compounds. The invention also concerns a composition for use as a fat substitute and a process for the preparation of such particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a particulate antimicrobial product from the LP system of the lactoperoxidase enzyme/oxygen donor/oxidizable substrate (if needed). The process comprises bonding the lactoperoxidase enzyme to a particulate carrier comprising a polysaccharide nucleus, a first lipidic layer and a second phospholipidic layer in such a manner that the enzyme molecules are inserted into this second layer and/or into the first layer. The product according to the invention is obtained by then conditioning in a non-aqueous medium the aforesaid particulate vector and the molecules of the LP system not integrated into said vector. The process of the invention permits adjusting the diffusability of the product and its mobility as a function of the intended applications, without destruction of the LP system.

Abstract: A particulate carrier, including a hydrophilic, non-liquid core, a first layer or ring of lipid nature bonded to the core by covalent bonds and a second layer or outer shell of amphiphilic compounds bonded to the first lipid by hydrophobic interactions.

Abstract: A process for the stereoselective preparation of sexual pheromones is disclosed. The process involves reacting a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which the conjugated diene is of the trans-trans (E--E) stereochemical configuration with a compound of the formulaXMg--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.