Abstract: A system and a method determine the position of an elevator car of an elevator installation, which elevator car is arranged movably in an elevator shaft. The system has a computing unit and an image-capturing unit that are arranged on the elevator car. The image-capturing unit records images of shaft components or shaft equipment used for other functions and transmits the images to the computing unit. The computing unit compares a currently recorded image with at least one stored comparison image of the shaft components or shaft equipment in the direction of travel of the elevator car so as to determine the current position of the elevator car in the direction of travel. The computing unit compares the currently recorded image with the stored comparison image also transversely to the direction of travel so as to determine the current position of the elevator car in the direction of travel.

Abstract: A system and a method determine the position of an elevator car of an elevator installation, which elevator car is arranged movably in an elevator shaft. The system has a computing unit and an image-capturing unit that are arranged on the elevator car. The image-capturing unit records images of shaft components or shaft equipment used for other functions and transmits the images to the computing unit. The computing unit compares a currently recorded image with at least one stored comparison image of the shaft components or shaft equipment in the direction of travel of the elevator car so as to determine the current position of the elevator car in the direction of travel. The computing unit compares the currently recorded image with the stored comparison image also transversely to the direction of travel so as to determine the current position of the elevator car in the direction of travel.

Abstract: A position-determination system for an elevator uses a camera arranged on an elevator car, which camera has a sensor with a defined number of light-sensitive pixels for generating image data of a surface structure of hoistway material arranged along a travel path of the elevator car. An analysis unit, based on the image data, determines a position and/or velocity of the elevator car. The position-determination system recognizes a reference pattern with a specified dimension which lies in a capturing range of the camera, wherein, based on the reference pattern, the analysis unit performs a scaling of the image data.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to reduce the penetration of a fuel spray directed toward a certain area in a cylinder, thereby reducing oil dilution that increases sliding resistance in the engine, reducing fuel adhesion or the like onto the cylinder liner, and also reducing the adverse effect of a fuel spray having an increased penetration. A fuel injection valve that has a plurality of injection holes and injects fuel into a cylinder 3 of an internal combustion engine includes: injection holes a2 and a6 having a larger diameter for injecting fuel toward a ring-shaped space T1 including areas A2 and A6 of strong tumble flow T formed in the cylinder; and injection holes a1, a4, a3 and a5 having a smaller diameter for injecting fuel toward a space including areas A1, A4, A3 and A5 of weak tumble flow formed in the cylinder 3.

Abstract: At least one of the softening point and the dropping point of a substance is determined with a measuring instrument that comprises a sample chamber (4), a temperature sensor (16), a heater device (11), a means for providing temperature/time target values, an image-recording means (5) and a controller unit (17) with a processor unit. The heater device heats the sample chamber, the temperature sensor measures the temperature in the sample chamber, and the image-recording means captures a visual image of the interior of the sample chamber. A method using the measuring instrument has at least the steps of determining the change over time of the sample as a function of temperature based on the recorded image/time data and actual temperature/time data, and of determining the dropping- or softening point of the sample based on the observed change over time as a function of temperature.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to reduce the penetration of a fuel spray directed toward a certain area in a cylinder, thereby reducing oil dilution that increases sliding resistance in the engine, reducing fuel adhesion or the like onto the cylinder liner, and also reducing the adverse effect of a fuel spray having an increased penetration. A fuel injection valve that has a plurality of injection holes and injects fuel into a cylinder 3 of an internal combustion engine includes: injection holes a2 and a6 having a larger diameter for injecting fuel toward a ring-shaped space T1 including areas A2 and A6 of strong tumble flow T formed in the cylinder; and injection holes al, a4, a3 and a5 having a smaller diameter for injecting fuel toward a space including areas A1, A4, A3 and A5 of weak tumble flow formed in the cylinder 3.

Abstract: At least one of the softening point and the dropping point of a substance is determined with a measuring instrument that comprises a sample chamber (4), a temperature sensor (16), a heater device (11), a means for providing temperature/time target values, an image-recording means (5) and a controller unit (17) with a processor unit. The heater device heats the sample chamber, the temperature sensor measures the temperature in the sample chamber, and the image-recording means captures a visual image of the interior of the sample chamber. A method using the measuring instrument has at least the steps of determining the change over time of the sample as a function of temperature based on the recorded image/time data and actual temperature/time data, and of determining the dropping- or softening point of the sample based on the observed change over time as a function of temperature.

Abstract: The procedure and device of the present disclosure enable an accurate determination of the composition of the fuel mixture at a self-igniting combustion engine on the basis of present sensor signals. The procedure and device of the present disclosure furthermore enable the detection and compensation of a combustion that is unstable due to the composition of the fuel mixture.

Abstract: The procedure and device of the present disclosure enable an accurate determination of the composition of the fuel mixture at a self-igniting combustion engine on the basis of present sensor signals. The procedure and device of the present disclosure furthermore enable the detection and compensation of a combustion that is unstable due to the composition of the fuel mixture.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter are described making it possible to heat the catalytic converter more quickly. An additional load of the internal combustion engine is applied to heat the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter are described making it possible to heat the catalytic converter more quickly. An additional load of the internal combustion engine is applied to heat the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter are described making it possible to heat the catalytic converter more quickly. An additional load of the internal combustion engine is applied to heat the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A resistive level-shifting biasing network is used with a capacitor in parallel to couple FET-based amplifier stages from DC to several GHz in a multi-stage amplifier. The output of the first amplifier stage is connected to the input of the second amplifier stage without a blocking capacitor or level-shifting diodes, allowing a portion of the drain current for the first amplifier stage to be supplied from the second amplifier stage. In a particular embodiment, a distributed amplifier achieved over 20 dB gain from DC to about 80 GHz using three traveling wave amplifier chips.