Abstract: Implants must protect against implant contamination and corrosion of electronics. However, when electrical components are fitted to flexible substrates, failure can occur at electrical connections. An implant comprises: a flexible substrate; a first and second electrical component at a first and second position, electrically connected through an interconnect layer; a first and second component cover, separately encapsulating the first and second component to resist the ingress of body fluids into the component positions; wherein the flexible substrate allows a relative change in disposition between the first component cover and the second component cover. One or more electrodes are provided at a third position. By encapsulating each component separately, the position of force/tension is moved away from the component attachment position to a point somewhere between the component positions. By disposing one or more electrode away from the components, the ingress is further restricted.

Abstract: In general, implantation of neurostimulation systems or device includes subcutaneous or percutaneous placement of at least the electrodes. Preferred are minimally invasive implantation procedures, systems and devices that can reliably operate for extended periods, and systems and devices providing a high degree of comfort for the subject. The implantation specialist may need to address adequate placement of the electrodes with respect to the nerve tissue to be stimulated, and to choose between one or more convenient locations for the elements of the system or device. Methods are provided comprising forming a first 1250 and second 1260 incision on opposite sides of a target location, and introducing a first introducer sheath 3050a under the skin with a maximum internal transverse cross-section less than the further maximum transverse cross-section 710 of an implantable stimulator. Such a method is advantageous if the maximum transverse cross-section 710 of the further portion is at least 1.

Abstract: A method includes configuring, by a computing device, stimulation settings for each electrode in an at least one electrode array in physical contact with a patient, the stimulation settings having adjustable parameters comprising frequency, pulse width, and amplitude, obtaining, by the computing device, feedback information from the patient, and automatically adjusting, by the computing device, at least one of the adjustable parameters based on the feedback information from the patient.

Abstract: Conventional devices deliver a degree of electrical charge into biological tissues; —to satisfy regulatory and safety concerns, measures are taken to maintain a zero-charge residual at the stimulation site. Disclosed herein is a method of controlling electrical energy provided by a stimulation device to one or stimulation electrodes comprised in the device, the device including: a first stimulation electrode; a pulse energy controller for transferring electrical energy as one or more electrical stimulation pulses to the first stimulation electrode; the pulse energy controller further including two or more stimulation energy supplies for each supplying electrical energy substantially concurrently to the first stimulation electrode as a first pulse; and each supplying electrical energy separately to the first stimulation electrode as a second pulse.

Abstract: Typically, stimulation therapy is provided using one or more implanted stimulation electrodes. Anatomy and treatment protocols can vary greatly—it is therefore advantageous to provide a highly configurable stimulation system. A tissue stimulation system is provided including an implantable end and a stimulation energy source, the implantable end including: an elongated substrate; one or more stimulation electrodes; and one or more proximal return electrodes; the stimulation energy source including: one or more distal return electrodes, disposed distantly from the one or more stimulation electrodes; and a pulse energy controller including a ratio controller, wherein: the proximal return electrodes and the distal return electrodes are configured as an electrical return for the stimulation electrodes; the ratio controller modifying the electrical potential and/or current ratio of the first part to the second part. A substantially transverse electric field may be provided.

Abstract: A mismatch in curvature of an electrode lead section may create unexpected and/or unpredictable electrical resistance with underlying tissue. In addition, repeated movement of the relevant areas of the body may even worsen the mismatch. Implants for electrical stimulation require low electrical resistance conductors for stimulation electrodes, return electrodes and interconnections which conventionally use metal for wires and contacts. These conductors reduce the flexibility, and the problem becomes worse as the number of electrodes increases. An implantable stimulation device is provided with an elongated substrate, one or more interconnections, a flexible electrode with two portions, separated by one or more bending interruptions, wherein the first portion and second portion are in direct electrical connection through the one or more interconnections.

Abstract: An implantable restraint is provided that includes an opening, configured to receive a tissue anchor; a pair of protrusions between the opening and a distal edge, providing an anchor resistance to a longitudinal force; where the pair of protrusions are further configured to separate by a distance approximately equal to the tissue anchor when the longitudinal force exceeds a first predetermined threshold, such that the pair of protrusions moves past the tissue anchor. By providing one or more openings extending through the substrate, the growth of tissue which naturally occurs after implantation is utilized to assist in securing the implantable restraint at the implantation site. By providing the pair of protrusions configured to provide resistance, a high degree of control of the restraining force and the explantation force is provided.

Abstract: In general, implantation of neurostimulation systems or device includes subcutaneous or percutaneous placement of at least the electrodes. Preferred are minimally invasive implantation procedures, systems and devices that can reliably operate for extended periods, and systems and devices providing a high degree of comfort for the subject. The implantation specialist may need to address adequate placement of the electrodes with respect to the nerve tissue to be stimulated, and to choose between one or more convenient locations for the elements of the system or device. Methods are provided comprising forming a first 1250 and second 1260 incision on opposite sides of a target location, and introducing a first introducer sheath 3050a under the skin with a maximum internal transverse cross-section less than the further maximum transverse cross-section 710 of an implantable stimulator. Such a method is advantageous if the maximum transverse cross-section 710 of the further portion is at least 1.

Abstract: Implants must protect against implant contamination and corrosion of electronics. However, when electrical components are fitted to flexible substrates, failure can occur at electrical connections. An implant comprises: a flexible substrate; a first and second electrical component at a first and second position, electrically connected through an interconnect layer; a first and second component cover, separately encapsulating the first and second component to resist the ingress of body fluids into the component positions; wherein the flexible substrate allows a relative change in disposition between the first component cover and the second component cover. One or more electrodes are provided at a third position. By encapsulating each component separately, the position of force/tension is moved away from the component attachment position to a point somewhere between the component positions. By disposing one or more electrode away from the components, the ingress is further restricted.

Abstract: In general, implantation of neurostimulation systems or device includes subcutaneous or percutaneous placement of at least the electrodes. Preferred are minimally invasive implantation procedures, systems and devices that can reliably operate for extended periods, and systems and devices providing a high degree of comfort for the subject. The implantation specialist may need to address adequate placement of the electrodes with respect to the nerve tissue to be stimulated, and to choose between one or more convenient locations for the elements of the system or device. Methods are provided comprising forming a first 1250 and second 1260 incision on opposite sides of a target location, and introducing a first introducer sheath 3050a under the skin with a maximum internal transverse cross-section less than the further maximum transverse cross-section 710 of an implantable stimulator. Such a method is advantageous if the maximum transverse cross-section 710 of the further portion is at least 1.

Abstract: A physiological measurement device (10) that concurrently measures a physiological state of an individual and determines an identity of the individual includes at least a measurement component (12), an identification component (14), and processing component (16). The measurement component (12) measures the physiological state of the individual, and the identification component (14) concurrently determines the identity of the individual. The processing component (16) associates the physiological state of the individual with the identity of the individual.

Abstract: A device (1) is arranged for adjusting the amplitude of an audio signal (x) such that the output of a transducer (2) coupled to the device is equivalent to the output of a reference transducer. The device comprises a first simulation unit (11) for producing a reference signal (y) in response to the audio signal (x), a second simulation unit (12) for producing a further signal (z) in response the audio signal (x), and comparator means (15) for comparing the reference signal (y) and the further signal (z) so as to produce an adjustment signal (a) which is fed to an adjustment unit (10). The first simulation unit (11) simulates the response of a reference transducer, while the second simulation unit (12) simulates the response of the actual transducer (2) to the audio signal (x).

Abstract: To improve the reproduction of audio signals, the signal components of a selected audio frequency range (1) of an audio signal are concentrated in a narrower audio frequency range (II). This is achieved by detecting first signal components in the first audio frequency range (I), generating second signal components in the second audio frequency range (II), and controlling the amplitude of the second signal components in response to the amplitude of the first signal components. As a result, dedicated transducers may be used which are particularly efficient in the narrower frequency range. The original frequency range (I) may contain the lower frequency signal components (bass components) of the audio signal.

Abstract: The electronic device (1) of the invention contains a control unit (5) which is able to receive from a detector (9) a signal indicating insertion of an object (23) into an object holder (21) and/or removal of the object from the object holder (21). The control unit (5) is further able to use a reproduction means (7) to start reproduction of content in dependency on the signal from the detector (9). The object holder (21) of the invention contains a detector which is able to detect an insertion of an object into the object holder (21) and/or a removal of the object (23) from the object holder (21). The detector (9) is further able to generate a signal indicating the insertion and/or the removal and containing an identifier identifying the object and/or a further identifier identifying the object holder (21) and/or a position in the object holder (21). The system of the invention comprises the electronic device (1) and the object holder (21).

Abstract: To prevent distortion when sound is reproduced using a loudspeaker or similar transducer, the amplitude of the sound signal in a particular frequency range (I) may be reduced if it exceeds a threshold (LmAx I). The invention proposes to wholly or partially map the amplitude reduced frequencies to other frequency ranges (II). As a result, the total sound level is not affected.

Abstract: A display system (100) comprises: a display device (102) being arranged to generate a first view (112) in a first direction relative to the display device (102) and to generate a second view (114) in a second direction relative to the display device (102), the second direction being different from the first direction; user-input means (104) for accepting user-input by means of detecting a position of a hand (110, 111) of an user (116) or of a pointing device held by the hand, the position relative to the display device (102), the userinput means (104) being arranged to control the first view (112) and the second view (114) on basis of the detection; and observation means (106) for observation of the user (116) and arranged to detect whether the user-input is provided to control the first view (112) or the second view (114), on basis of the observation.

Abstract: A sound recording and reproduction system comprises ear microphones for recording sound and sound reproduction means for generating sound and means to control the sound signal generated by said sound reproduction means. The system comprises storing device (2) for storing sound signals recorded by the microphones (M_R,M_L), and an input (24) for reproduction of a recorded sound signal (S3) on the means for generating sound (LS_R,LS_L) through an adaptive filter (21). The system comprising a feed back system (25) comprising the input (24), the adaptive filter (21), at least an ear microphone (M_R,M_L), at least one sound reproduction means (LS_R,LS_L) and a comparison means (22) for comparing an input signal (S3) to a signal received by the microphone (S6) upon during reproduction of said input signal (S3), said comparison means (22) providing a comparison signal (e) for regulating the adaptive filter (21).

Abstract: Mobile device having a sound generating means and a display. The mobile device (1) comprises a display (2) with means (3) for acoustically exciting the display or a part of the display. In order to increase the sound volume, particularly at low frequencies, the mobile device is arranged such that when the mobile device is positioned on a table top as defined in this application, the sound volume at a frequency between 0.5 kHz and 1.5 kHz at a 1 meter's distance from the mobile device is increased by at least 6 dB as compared to the same device when used in air.

Abstract: The audio reproduction apparatus comprises a cost input for inputting a mathematical cost derived from a measurement, which measurement is user-influenceable and a conditioning unit, capable of delivering an output audio signal in dependence of the mathematical cost, characterized in that the conditioning unit comprises an audio processing means arranged to process an input audio signal to derive the output audio signal with a reproduction quality in dependence of the mathematical cost. As a reproduction quality the position of a virtual sound source and the quality of a stereo signal are also possible. A system comprising the audio reproduction apparatus, a measurement device and a sound production device and a method of to deriving the output audio signal with a reproduction quality in dependence of the mathematical cost are also presented.

Abstract: The data representation apparatus (100) for representing data by means of an audio signal (o), contains an processing unit (102) arranged to deliver the audio signal (o) with a characteristic (C) dependent on a positionless data variable (p) capable of having a first value (206) and a second value (208), whereby the data representation apparatus (100) comprises a mapping unit (132), arranged to map by means of a mapping the first value (206) of the data variable (p) to a first position (216) in three-dimensional space, and the second value (208) of the data variable (p) to a second position (218) in three-dimensional space, and the audio processing unit (102) is arranged to change the characteristic (C), resulting in the audio signal appearing to originate from the first position (216) for the data variable (p) having the first value (206) respectively the second position (218) for the data variable (p) having the second value (208), to a user (200) listening to the audio signal (o).