Abstract: A method of establishing a furnace atmosphere in a directly heated heat treatment furnace is provided. A heat treatment furnace has at least one burner which is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygenous gas that are combusted to give a combustion gas. The combustion gas has a defined composition having a defined partial water vapor pressure. Hydrogen is used in the fuel gas with a proportion of at least 10% by volume. The heat treatment furnace is additionally flooded with a water vapor-free and/or hydrogen-free gas, as a result of which the water vapor-free and/or hydrogen-free gas mixes with the combustion gas so as to bring about a partial water vapor pressure of the mixture in the furnace atmosphere of the heat treatment furnace that is less than the defined partial water vapor pressure of the combustion gas.

Abstract: A process for direct reduction of iron ore to sponge iron is disclosed. The iron ore passes through a reduction zone for reducing the iron ore to sponge iron. A reduction gas is passed through the iron ore in the reduction zone. The reduction gas introduced into the reduction zone comprises at least one compound of carbon and hydrogen and/or at least one compound of carbon and oxygen and/or hydrogen. The process gas discharged from the reduction zone comprises hydrogen and at least one compound of carbon and oxygen and/or at least one hydrogen-containing compound. The process gas is supplied to at least a first process step in which at least one compound of the process gas and/or at least portions of the unavoidable impurities are separated and/or removed. After the first process step the process gas is subjected to processing such that hydrogen is obtained as a byproduct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for direct reduction of iron ore to sponge iron, wherein the iron ore passes through a reduction zone for reducing the iron ore to sponge iron. The reduction zone is subdivided into a pre-reduction zone supplied with a first reduction gas and into an end-reduction zone supplied with a second reduction gas. The first reduction gas has a different gas composition compared to the second reduction gas. A first reduction gas has a hydrogen proportion at least 5% by volume higher compared to the second reduction gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for direct reduction of iron ore to afford direct reduced iron, wherein the iron ore sequentially passes through a reduction zone for reducing the iron ore to direct reduced iron and a cooling zone for cooling the direct reduced iron, wherein in the reduction zone the iron ore is subjected to a flow of a reduction gas and wherein in the cooling zone the direct reduced iron is subjected to a flow of a cooling gas. The cooling gas in the cooling zone comprises H2 and CO2, wherein the ratio of the mole fractions of H2 to CO2 is greater than 1.8 and the mole fraction of CO2 is greater than 20 mol %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a steelworks, for example in a blast furnace converter route, or with a direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen with downstream electrical steel route, preferably additionally a secondary steel route. To carry out the method, the following are balanced: A) a number of starting material flows of supplied starting materials, B) a number of by-product material flows from emitted by-products, and C) a number of energy flows of used energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for producing an iron melt. The method includes; reducing iron ore to sponge iron, carburizing sponge iron with a carbonaceous gas, melting the carburized sponge iron and/or treating the melt produced from the carburized sponge iron. According to the present disclosure, the carbonaceous gas is at least a portion of the process gas obtained in the melting of the carburized sponge iron and/or treating of the melt produced from the carburized sponge iron that has been recycled.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing steel in an integrated metallurgical plant comprising at least one direct reduction reactor for directly reducing iron ore to give sponge iron, at least one electric furnace for melting the sponge iron to give pig iron or crude steel, at least one blast furnace for smelting iron ore to give pig iron, and at least one converter for refining pig iron to give crude steel. In accordance with the invention, the process gas discharged from the direct reduction reactor is admixed at least partly to the hot blast air and/or at least partly to an optional charging material, said air and/or said material being blown into the blast furnace.

Abstract: A method of producing pig iron in a shaft furnace is provided. The shaft furnace is charged in an upper region with raw materials which fall within the shaft furnace under the influence of gravity. A portion of the raw materials is melted and/or partly reduced under the action of the atmosphere that exists within the shaft furnace. A hot gas stream which is introduced in a lower region of the shaft furnace flows through and influences the atmosphere that exists within the shaft furnace in terms of chemical composition and temperature. A cold gas stream is fed to a heat exchanger in which the cold gas stream is heated to a temperature higher than 700° C. to give a hot gas stream. The cold gas stream comprises a CO2 component of at least 5% by volume. The cold gas stream may contain, air and/or pure oxygen as residual component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for direct reduction of iron ore to afford direct reduced iron, wherein the iron ore sequentially passes through a reduction zone for reducing the iron ore to direct reduced iron and a cooling zone for cooling the direct reduced iron, wherein in the reduction zone the iron ore is subjected to a flow of a reduction gas and wherein in the cooling zone the direct reduced iron is subjected to a flow of a cooling gas. The cooling gas in the cooling zone comprises H2 and CO2, wherein the ratio of the mole fractions of H2 to CO2 is greater than 1.8 and the mole fraction of CO2 is greater than 20 mol %.

Abstract: A device for providing an internet access for at least one external reproduction device and for processing data received via the internet and/or have to be sent via the internet, wherein the processed data are at least partially provided as output signal at least at one interface of the device for the use by the at least one reproduction device. The device includes means for sending and/or receiving electronic data via a mobile network and means for the electronic processing of data, including at least one interface for connecting at least one input device.

Abstract: An electronic information management system abstracts and reports document information. The system utilizes a computer communicating with an electronic database. An input device is operatively connected to the computer for entering document information into the database. A plurality of electronic indexing tags are provided at predetermined locations within the stored document information and cooperate with a computer program to capture and retrieve selected portions of the document information. A display device is operatively connected to the computer for displaying the selected portions of document information apart from non-selected portions of document information.