Abstract: A method for performing spectroscopy using an interleaved readout for at least two species. A B0 field is applied. A first spatial-spectral (SPSP) position resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) excitation with a sufficiently narrow band to excite a first species without exciting a second species is applied. A first readout that measures the first species is performed. A second SPSP PRESS excitation with a sufficiently narrow band to excite the second species without exciting the first species is applied. A second readout that measures the second species is performed.

Abstract: A method for frequency selective and slice selective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is provided. A B0 field is applied. A self-refocused spatial-spectral (SPSP) RF pulse is applied. A readout of a portion of k-space for the excited slice is performed. A second self-refocused SPSP excitation RF pulse is applied, wherein the second self-refocused SPSP excitation has an 180° echo phase difference from the self-refocused SPSP excitation. A second readout of a portion of k-space for the excited slice was performed. A difference between the readout and the second readout was found. The previous steps were repeated until k-space has been filled for the excited slice. The previous steps were repeated for a plurality of slices.

Abstract: A method of imaging the individual components of systems with sparse spectra using magnetic resonance imaging including the steps of a) exciting nuclei of labeled components using a MRI pulse sequence, b) selecting a proper spectral window to avoid/minimize signal overlap of aliased frequency components. In step a) preferably a spiral chemical shift imaging (spCSI) sequence is employed. In a preferred embodiment, hyperpolarized nuclei of 13C are used for labeling in a pyruvate substrate with metabolites of lacatate, alanine, and bicarbonate.

Abstract: A manifestation of the invention provides a method for slice selective excitation for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A B0 field is applied. A STABLE pulse comprising of a BIR-4 envelope sampled by a plurality of subpulses with a duration is applied, where amplitude and frequency modulation functions of the BIR-4 envelope are slowly varying with respect to the duration of the subpulses. A portion of k-space is read out to obtain k-space data. The STABLE pulse and readout are repeated until sufficient k-space has been acquired. A Fourier Transform of the k-space data is taken.

Abstract: A method for frequency selective and slice selective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is provided. A B0 field is applied. A self-refocused spatial-spectral (SPSP) RF pulse is applied. A readout of a portion of k-space for the excited slice is performed. A second self-refocused SPSP excitation RF pulse is applied, wherein the second self-refocused SPSP excitation has an 180° echo phase difference from the self-refocused SPSP excitation. A second readout of a portion of k-space for the excited slice was performed. A difference between the readout and the second readout was found. The previous steps were repeated until k-space has been filled for the excited slice. The previous steps were repeated for a plurality of slices.

Abstract: A manifestation of the invention provides a method for slice selective excitation for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A B0 field is applied. A STABLE pulse comprising of a BIR-4 envelope sampled by a plurality of subpulses with a duration is applied, where amplitude and frequency modulation functions of the BIR-4 envelope are slowly varying with respect to the duration of the subpulses. A portion of k-space is read out to obtain k-space data. The STABLE pulse and readout are repeated until sufficient k-space has been acquired. A Fourier Transform of the k-space data is taken.

Abstract: A method for performing spectroscopy using an interleaved readout for at least two species. A B0 field is applied. A first spatial-spectral (SPSP) position resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) excitation with a sufficiently narrow band to excite a first species without exciting a second species is applied. A first readout that measures the first species is performed. A second SPSP PRESS excitation with a sufficiently narrow band to excite the second species without exciting the first species is applied. A second readout that measures the second species is performed.

Abstract: A method of imaging the individual components of systems with sparse spectra using magnetic resonance imaging including the steps of a) exciting nuclei of labeled components using a MRI pulse sequence, b) selecting a proper spectral window to avoid/minimize signal overlap of aliased frequency components. In step a) preferably a spiral chemical shift imaging (spCSI) sequence is employed. In a preferred embodiment, hyperpolarized nuclei of 13C are used for labeling in a pyruvate substrate with metabolites of lacatate, alanine, and bicarbonate.

Abstract: An encoded message, includes a plurality of data items and a plurality of redundant data items. Each of the plurality of redundant data items corresponds to a number of the data items, with respective redundant data items corresponding to different numbers of data items.

Abstract: A method of encoding a message including a plurality of data items, includes identifying maximum and minimum numbers of first edges to be associated with data items. A first distribution of different numbers of first edges, ranging from the maximum to the minimum number of first edges, to be associated with the data items is computed. A first associated number of first edges, within the range, is established for each data item, the different numbers of first edges being associated with the data items according to the computed first distribution. A maximum and minimum number of second edges to be associated with redundant data items are identified. A second distribution of numbers of second edges, ranging from the maximum to the minimum number of second edges, to be associated with the redundant data items is computed.

Abstract: An encoded loss resilient message includes data items, first redundant data items, and second redundant data items. Each of the first redundant data items corresponds to one or more associated data items. Each of the second redundant data items corresponds to one or more associated first redundant data items. The number of data items is greater than the number of first redundant data items which is in turn greater than the number of second redundant data items, thereby providing a cascading series of redundant data items.

Abstract: An encoded message includes a plurality of data items and a plurality of redundant data items. Each of the redundant data items is associated with more than one of the data items. To decode the encoded message, a reduced first redundant data item is reduced to correspond to only one data item. This data item is replaced with the reduced first redundant data item. A second redundant data item is reduced, using the replaced data item, to correspond to only a second of data item. The second data item is replaced with the second redundant data item to decode the encoded message.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the relative point of impact of an object in flight proximal a reference line on a surface. The reference line may be imaginary or it may be visually perceptible. In a preferred application, the reference line is the outer edge of a game court boundary stripe such as the service box stripe or the base line stripe on a tennis court. At least one plane of radiated energy, preferably light beams, is pre-positioned with respect to the reference line. Detectors, preferably photodetectors, provide data signals indicative of the relative elevation of the object at two successive points in time based on intersection of at least one plane of radiated energy by the object. A programmed microcomputer determines whether the point of surface impact is to one side or another of the reference line, or coincident with the reference line, based on the data signals. The microcomputer commands an annunciator to provide an audible or visual indication of the determination.