Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of anti-counterfeit protection of products. Specifically, the invention is directed to a method of reading with a reader device a marking comprising a physical unclonable function, PUF, and a corresponding reader device. In particular, such reader device marking can be used in connection with or can form a component of a multi-component security system, in particular of an anti-counterfeit protection system, which is also disclosed herein as part of an overall security solution for anti-counterfeit protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of anti-counterfeit protection of products. Specifically, the invention is directed to a composite security marking for a physical object, in particular to an anti-counterfeit product marking. In particular, without limitation, such composite security marking can be used in connection with or can form a component of a multi-component security system, in particular of an anti-counterfeit protection system, which is also disclosed herein as part of an overall solution for anti-counterfeit protection. The composite security marking comprises a physical unclonable function, PUF, and a representation of a digital signature or of a pointer indicating a location where said digital signature can be accessed. The digital signature digitally signs a hash value resulting from application of a predetermined cryptographic hash function to data representing a response generated by the PUF in reaction to a challenge of a predetermined challenge-response authentication scheme.

Abstract: A decoder for model train locomotives or rolling stock including: a data input; a sensor, separate from the data input and arranged to receive a first energy signal and transmit a first trigger signal; a memory element configured to store a first address identifying the decoder; and a processor configured to receive first data including a group identity address, receive the first trigger signal; and store the group identity address in the memory element. The sensor is arranged to: receive a second energy signal; and transmit, in response to receiving the second energy signal, a second trigger signal. The processor is configured to: receive the second trigger signal; receive second data including the first address and first operating instructions, associated with the first address, for a device for a model train locomotive or rolling stock; and transmit the first operating instructions. The group identity address identifies a group of decoders.