Abstract: The present disclosure provides, inter alia, methods to determine sperm quality and suitability of a donor' sperm for a reproduction modality. The present disclosure also provides methods to identify suitable reproduction modality for a sperm sample. The methods provided herein are amenable for screening sperm samples for use in assisted fertilization. The disclosure additionally provides articles of manufacture for performing the methods provided herein. The methods provided by the disclosure, in some embodiments, entail energy depletion with subsequent staged reintroduction of different energy sources.