Abstract: This invention provides modified rapamycins that have specific monosaccharide(s), oligosaccharide(s), pseudosugar(s) or derivatives thereof attached through a linker to create rapamycin carbohydrate derivatives having enhanced pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profiles. For example, administration of the rapamycin carbohydrate derivative results in altered pharmacokinetic profiles and reduced toxicities. Thus, the present invention provides compounds with characteristics that are distinct from other drugs in its class such as rapamycin.

Abstract: This invention provides modified rapamycins that have specific monosaccharide(s), oligosaccharide(s), pseudosugar(s) or derivatives thereof attached through a linker to create rapamycin carbohydrate derivatives having enhanced pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profiles. For example, administration of the rapamycin carbohydrate derivative results in altered pharmacokinetic profiles and reduced toxicities. Thus, the present invention provides compounds with characteristics that are distinct from other drugs in its class such as rapamycin.

Abstract: Isolated metabolites of the cyclosporine analog ISA247 are disclosed, including in vitro methods for their preparation. The metabolites comprise a chemical modification of ISA247, wherein the modification is at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of hydroxylation, N-demethylation, diol formation, epoxide formation, and intramolecular cyclization phosphorylation, sulfation, glucuronide formation and glycosylation. Methods of preparation include semi-synthetic methods, wherein metabolites of ISA247 are produced from the microsomal extracts of animal liver cells, or from cultures using microorganisms, and completely synthetic methods, such as chemically modifying the parent compound or isolated metabolites using organic synthetic methods.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for utilizing the Inter Packet Gaps (IPGs) to create an Extended Link Monitoring Channel in a physical layer transceiver for a 10 Gb/s Ethernet link for communicating link related information, thus providing an extensive link maintenance capability. A corresponding transceiver between an Ethernet media access control (MAC) layer device and a 10 Gb/s Ethernet link, comprising a physical coding sublayer (PCS) extension circuit for implementing the Extended Link Monitoring Channel is also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides modified rapamycins that have specific monosaccharide(s), oligosaccharide(s), pseudosugar(s) or derivatives thereof attached through a linker to create rapamycin carbohydrate derivatives having enhanced pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profiles. For example, administration of the rapamycin carbohydrate derivative results in altered pharmacokinetic profiles and reduced toxicities. Thus, the present invention provides compounds with characteristics that are distinct from other drugs in its class such as rapamycin.