Abstract: A photocatalyst suspension reactor for solar fuel formation. The reactor may comprise a shallow pool filled with a first portion of an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution may comprise a solvent, a plurality of redox shuttle molecules, and a plurality of photocatalyst particles. The reactor may further comprise a plurality of tubes disposed on a surface of the shallow pool, each tube of the plurality of tubes comprising an upper half and a lower half. The upper half may comprise a transparent material configured to be minimally permeable to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The lower half may be configured to be filled with a second portion of the electrolyte solution and comprises an ion bridge material permeable to the plurality of redox shuttle molecules and minimally permeable to the plurality of photocatalyst particles.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Abstract: Cement and concrete compositions are produced via metal hydroxides and metal oxides isolated from aqueous sources such as seawater or wastewater. Aqueous solutions are electrolyzed to produce an alkaline component stream having an elevated pH, which when mixed with mineralized seawater causes metal ions dissolved therein to precipitate out in the form of metal hydroxides such as Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2. These metal hydroxide products are then utilized as feedstocks for production of cement and concrete structural elements, or are converted to metal oxides suitable for the same purpose. The hydroxide products are then subjected to pressure and prolonged exposure to carbon dioxide to accelerate carbonation of the hydrated product. The resulting carbonates exhibit sufficient compressive strength for use in making structural components for construction, while reducing or eliminating the carbon footprint associated with traditional methods of cement and concrete manufacturing.

Abstract: A photoactive article includes a substrate including a semiconductor to absorb light and to produce a plurality of charge carriers; a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate; a conductive member disposed on the dielectric layer and opposing the substrate such that the dielectric layer is exposed by the conductive member, the conductive member to receive a portion of the plurality of charge carriers from the substrate; and an electrolyte disposed on the dielectric layer and the conductive member. Making a photoactive article includes forming a dielectric layer on a substrate by rapid thermal oxidation, the dielectric layer comprising an oxide of a semiconductor; and forming a conductive member disposed on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A photoactive article includes a substrate including a semiconductor to absorb light and to produce a plurality of charge carriers; a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate; a conductive member disposed on the dielectric layer and opposing the substrate such that the dielectric layer is exposed by the conductive member, the conductive member to receive a portion of the plurality of charge carriers from the substrate; and an electrolyte disposed on the dielectric layer and the conductive member. Making a photoactive article includes forming a dielectric layer on a substrate by rapid thermal oxidation, the dielectric layer comprising an oxide of a semiconductor; and forming a conductive member disposed on the dielectric layer.