Abstract: Polycarbonate type nonionic surfactant compositions comprising monohydroxy alcohols capped with polycarbonate groups. More specifically, the surfactant compositions comprise aliphatic, nonaromatic cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols which have been capped with block polycarbonate groups formed by the reaction of the alcohols with ethylene carbonate in the presence of an alkali metal salt catalyst. The surfactant properties of the compositions may be varied by first reacting the alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a block polyether group cap on the alcohols before the reaction with ethylene carbonate or by further reacting the polycarbonate capped alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a terminal polyether block group. The surfactants formed are a random distribution mixture of compositions wherein 2 to 20 moles of ethylene carbonate and 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the alcohols are reacted together.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reacting urea and beta-hydroxyethylcarbamate to make 2-oxazolidinone and ethyleneurea in a good yield and high selectivity, whereby the reaction method can be controlled to provide either the 2-oxazolidinone or the ethyleneurea as the major reaction product.

Abstract: Polycarbonate type nonionic surfactant compositions comprising monohydroxy alcohols capped with polycarbonate groups. More specifically, the surfactant compositions comprise aliphatic, nonaromatic cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols which have been capped with block polycarbonate groups formed by the reaction of the alcohols with ethylene carbonate in the presence of an alkali metal salt catalyst. The surfactant properties of the compositions may be varied by first reacting the alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a block polyether group cap on the alcohols before the reaction with ethylene carbonate or by further reacting the polycarbonate capped alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a terminal polyether block group. The surfactants formed are a random distribution mixture of compositions wherein 2 to 20 moles of ethylene carbonate and 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the alcohols are reacted together.

Abstract: A method for the formation of monoalkyleneglycols, monoalkanolamines and alkylenediamines, comprising the steps of: (a) reacting ammonia or ammonium carbonate with an alkylenecarbonate to form a carbamate, (b) heating the carbamate to form a monoalkyleneglycol, an alkyleneurea and a 2-oxazolidinone, (c) further reacting the alkyleneurea and the 2-oxazolidinone with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonia or ammonium carbonate, a monoalkanolamine, and an alkylenediamine, (d) separating the ammonia or ammonium carbonate, the monoalkyleneglycol, the alkylenediamine, and the monoalkanolamine, and (e) recycling the ammonia or ammonium carbonate to reaction step (a).

Abstract: An actinide dioxide, e.g. uranium dioxide, plutonium dioxide, neptunium dioxide, etc., is prepared by reacting the actinide nitrate hexahydrate with sodium dithionite as a first step; the reaction product from this first step is a novel composition of matter comprising the actinide sulfite tetrahydrate. The reaction product resulting from this first step is then converted to the actinide dioxide by heating it in the absence of an oxygen-containing atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen) to a temperature of about 500.degree. to about 950.degree. C. for about 15 to about 135 minutes. If the reaction product resulting from the first step is, prior to carrying out the second heating step, exposed to an oxygen-containing atmosphere such as air, the resultant product is a novel composition of matter comprising the actinide oxysulfite tetrahydrate which can also be readily converted to the actinide dioxide by heating it in the absence of an oxygen-containing atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen) at a temperature of about 400.degree.

Abstract: Chlorine atoms in chlorinated lower aliphatic hydrocarbons are replaced by fluorine in the vapor phase reaction of the chlorinated hydrocarbons with aqueous HF at 275.degree. C.- 425.degree. C. in the presence of a metal fluoride catalyst, particularly where the metal is one or more of aluminum, nickel, or chromium. The fluorinated products are blowing agents, refrigerants, monomers, or intermediates for making them.

Abstract: Methanol and aqueous HF react in the vapor phase at 250.degree. C.-400.degree. C. in the presence of activated carbon, nickel fluoride, chromium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, or a mixture thereof to produce methyl fluoride plus dimethyl ether as the principal by-product.

Abstract: An actinide dioxide, e.g. uranium dioxide, is prepared by reacting an actinide nitrate or hydrate or tetrahydrofuranate thereof, e.g. uranyl nitrate, a hydrate of uranyl nitrate or a tetrahydrofuranate of uranyl nitrate with an alkali or alkaline earth metal adduct of a monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon in the presence of an inert organic solvent. Typically, the starting material may be uranyl nitrate dihydrate or uranyl nitrate ditetrahydrofuranate (the latter material is a novel composition of matter) with a reactant such as the sodium adduct of naphthalene in the presence of a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. The resultant uranium dioxide may be further purified by heating it in the presence of hydrogen.

Abstract: An actinide dioxide, e.g., uranium dioxide, plutonium dioxide, neptunium dioxide, etc., is prepared by reacting the actinide nitrate hexahydrate with sodium dithionite as a first step; the reaction product from this first step is a novel composition of matter comprising the actinide sulfite tetrahydrate. The reaction product resulting from this first step is then converted to the actinide dioxide by heating it in the absence of an oxygen-containing atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen) to a temperature of about 500.degree. to about 950.degree. C. for about 15 to about 135 minutes. If the reaction product resulting from the first step is, prior to carrying out the second heating step, exposed to an oxygen-containing atmosphere such as air, the resultant product is a novel composition of matter comprising the actinide oxysulfite tetrahydrate which can also be readily converted to the actinide dioxide by heating it in the absence of an oxygen-containing atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen) at a temperature of about 400.degree.

Abstract: An actinide dioxide, e.g. uranium dioxide, is prepared by reacting an actinide nitrate or hydrate or tetrahydrofuranate thereof, e.g. uranyl nitrate, a hydrate of uranyl nitrate or a tetrahydrofuranate of uranyl nitrate with an alkali or alkaline earth metal adduct of a monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon in the presence of an inert organic solvent. Typically, the starting material may be uranyl nitrate dihydrate or uranyl nitrate ditetrahydrofuranate (the latter material is a novel composition of matter) with a reactant such as the sodium adduct of naphthalene in the presence of a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. The resultant uranium dioxide may be further purified by heating it in the presence of hydrogen.