Abstract: Guide systems for installing aircraft structures are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first guide structured to be supported by a first hinge component of a first aircraft structure and a second guide structured to be supported by a second hinge component of a second aircraft structure. The first guide is to receive the second guide when the second structure is at an installation angle relative to the first structure. Engagement between the first guide and the second guide to enable rotational movement of the first hinge component and the second hinge component when the second aircraft structure moves to an installed position.

Abstract: Various methods and systems may be used to provide recirculated engine exhaust to an engine of a hybrid powertrain. It is assumed that the engine is equipped with a dedicated EGR loop. At least one cylinder is operated as a dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cylinder, such that all exhaust of that cylinder is recirculated to the fresh air intake of the engine via the EGR loop. One or more cylinders are operated as main cylinders, such that exhaust from those cylinders exits the engine to the atmosphere. The engine itself is operable for at least part of its operation in a decoupled mode in which the dedicated EGR cylinder is mechanically decoupled from the engine crankshaft. During this decoupled mode, the dedicated EGR cylinder powers a generator. The main cylinders are operable exclusively to provide power to the crankshaft.

Abstract: Various methods and systems may be used to provide recirculated engine exhaust to an engine of a hybrid powertrain. It is assumed that the engine is equipped with a dedicated EGR loop. At least one cylinder is operated as a dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cylinder, such that all exhaust of that cylinder is recirculated to the fresh air intake of the engine via the EGR loop. One or more cylinders are operated as main cylinders, such that exhaust from those cylinders exits the engine to the atmosphere. The engine itself is operable for at least part of its operation in a decoupled mode in which the dedicated EGR cylinder is mechanically decoupled from the engine crankshaft. During this decoupled mode, the dedicated EGR cylinder powers a generator. The main cylinders are operable exclusively to provide power to the crankshaft.

Abstract: An interactive voice response (IVR) system executes a call flow that references data objects holding information. The information within a data object includes a variable that holds a value utilized by the call flow, state information describing the state of the variable, and fulfillment type information that describes how to get a value for the variable or otherwise change the variable's state. Process and application objects in the call flow specify desired states of variables at given points in the call flow. A resolution module within the IVR system determines whether the variables are in the desired states and, if not, utilizes the fulfillment type information in the data objects to attempt to put the variables in the desired states. This dynamic resolution process provides a mechanism for resolving the values of variables in data objects as the values are required and eases the burden on the call flow developer.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas provides control of the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas to prevent thermal damage to the Diesel engine components and associated aftertreatment devices during regeneration of the aftertreatment devices. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve opening timing and duration, either singly or in combination with selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas passing through an aftertreatment device disposed in the exhaust system of a diesel engine provides an optimal environment for efficient conversion of NOx and undesirable emissions during transient and steady state engine operation. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve timing, either singly or in combination with fuel injection timing and selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.

Abstract: In a multi-mode, multi-cylinder engine operable in both homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode and spark ignition or diesel combustion mode, an apparatus and method is provided to individually, independently, and sequentially switch the combustion mode of each of the cylinders. The invention enables use of at least partial HCCI mode over a wider load and speed range of a multi-mode engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas provides control of the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas to prevent thermal damage to the Diesel engine components and associated aftertreatment devices during regeneration of the aftertreatment devices. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve opening timing and duration, either singly or in combination with selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.

Abstract: A very high efficiency NOX aftertreatment system is provided for use in lean burn engines. A lean NOX adsorber is synergistically combined with a selective catalytic reduction catalyst to use the ammonia formed within the NOX adsorber, during regeneration of the NOX adsorber while periodically operating the engine in a fuel-rich combustion mode, to reduce NOX remaining in the exhaust gas stream after passage through the NOX adsorber during normal operation of the engine in a lean burn combustion mode.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas passing through an aftertreatment device disposed in the exhaust system of a diesel engine provides an optimal environment for efficient conversion of NOx and undesirable emissions during transient and steady state engine operation. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve timing, either singly or in combination with fuel injection timing and selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.

Abstract: Timing of the combustion event in an homogenous-charge compression-ignition engine is controlled by adjusting the reactivity of the fuel, or of the fuel/air mixture inducted into the combustion chamber of the engine, thereby providing a means of controlling the combustion phasing. When the mixture is made more reactive, combustion occurs earlier in the cycle, and when the mixture reactivity is decreased, the reaction phasing is retarded. In the present invention, the reactivity of the intake charge is regulated in one embodiment by using a catalytic reaction in the intake system to partially, oxidize the intake mixture. In another embodiment, fuel reactivity is adjusted by passing a portion of the fuel through a catalyst or a non-thermal plasma generator prior to injection into the engine. In still another illustrated embodiment, an additive is controllably added to the fuel prior to injection into the engine to increase or decrease fuel reactivity.