Abstract: A footwear sole assembly with upper and lower layers, where the upper layer has a firmer durometer than the lower layer. Upon a user's heel strike, the difference in resilience between the upper and lower layers causes the upper layer to compress the lower layer. Sidewalls in the upper layer are urged toward each other on the heel strike, providing cradling support for the user's heel. The rigidness of the sidewalls of the upper layer also encourages the foot to propel through the stride, especially with the addition of a rolling element along the side of the footwear.

Abstract: A sole assembly for footwear includes a footbed made of a first resilient material with a lower durometer than a surrounding rocker frame composed of a second resilient material. During a user's heel-to-toe motion, medial and lateral rolling elements extending downward from the frame form convex longitudinal curves from heel to midfoot, guiding the transition from heel strike to toe-off. Beneath the footbed, a rigid support plate with medial and lateral extensions is incorporated to provide torsional stability and to restrict forefoot flexion, reducing pronation and supination while centering the foot. As a result, energy is stored during gait and released to propel the user, supporting a controlled, dynamic rolling gait during walking or running.

Abstract: A footwear sole assembly with upper and lower layers, where the upper layer has a firmer durometer than the lower layer. Upon a user's heel strike, the difference in resilience between the upper and lower layers causes the upper layer to compress the lower layer. Sidewalls in the upper layer are urged toward each other on the heel strike, providing cradling support for the user's heel. The rigidness of the sidewalls of the upper layer also encourages the foot to propel through the stride, especially with the addition of a rolling element along the side of the footwear.

Abstract: A dynamic metatarsal roll bar as a footwear midsole insert, formed of a semi-rigid planar lattice of cells providing flexible support to the forefoot of a user. The cell walls provide structural support, while the planar lattice allows for flexing during a user's stride, returning to a base configuration after pressure from stride movement is relieved.

Abstract: A footwear sole assembly (10) for walking with a rolling action is described. An elastically compressible midsole element (33) is provided with a rolling element (40) situated in and extending over a portion of the length and over at least a portion of the width of the midsole element (33). The rolling element (40) consists at least partially of a resilient material and is disposed at least in that region of the midsole (33) which is opposite to the arch of the wearer's foot. This shoe offers the rolling gait advantages of the well known MBT shoe, but has a different construction which enables it to retain the outward appearance of conventional shoes such as trainers.

Abstract: A footwear sole assembly (10) for walking with a rolling action is described. An elastically compressible midsole element (33) is provided with a rolling element (40) situated in and extending over a portion of the length and over at least a portion of the width of the midsole element (33). The rolling element (40) consists at least partially of a resilient material and is disposed at least in that region of the midsole (33) which is opposite to the arch of the wearer's foot. This shoe offers the rolling gait advantages of the well known MBT shoe, but has a different construction which enables it to retain the outward appearance of conventional shoes such as trainers.