Abstract: An apparatus for determining the state of occupation of a track circuit on a railway line provided with a plurality of track circuits adjacent to one another, said circuit comprising a pair of rails (R) formed by parallel metal sectional elements between which it is possible to apply a voltage, each track circuit being separated from the adjacent stretch via electrically insulating joints (G). Said apparatus comprises a transmission block (2) capable of transmitting to the track circuit an a.c. voltage signal, associated to which is a predetermined sequence of at least three codewords that are different from one another.

Abstract: A system for the protection of an electric line for railway signals that comprises a computerized central apparatus (ACC) connected to a plurality of peripheral posts (PP). Each peripheral post comprises at least one plant-controller electronic card (CdE), which controls a plurality of plant-interface cards (IE) that supply the plants (E) directly, via a field bus (B1), on the basis of the commands received from the plant controller and acquire the control signals from the field sensors, transferring them to the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the state of occupation of a track circuit on a railway line provided with a plurality of track circuits adjacent to one another, said circuit comprising a pair of rails (R) formed by parallel metal sectional elements between which it is possible to apply a voltage, each track circuit being separated from the adjacent stretch via electrically insulating joints (G). Said apparatus comprises a transmission block (2) capable of transmitting to the track circuit an a.c. voltage signal, associated to which is a predetermined sequence of at least three codewords that are different from one another.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a track circuit in a railway line provided with a plurality of track circuits adjacent to one another and electrically insulated from one another. Said circuit comprises a pair of rails (R) formed by parallel metal bars (B) and a transmission block (2), capable of supplying the track circuit via a voltage generator designed to cause a current to flow in the circuit, it being possible for information to be associated to said current signal via a predetermined code. Said current delivered and absorbed by the circuit is detectable by a detection device provided on board a train that is travelling along that track circuit.

Abstract: A system for the protection of an electric line for railway signals that comprises a computerized central apparatus (ACC) connected to a plurality of peripheral posts (PP). Each peripheral post comprises at least one plant-controller electronic card (CdE), which controls a plurality of plant-interface cards (IE) that supply the plants (E) directly, via a field bus (B1), on the basis of the commands received from the plant controller and acquire the control signals from the field sensors, transferring them to the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a track circuit in a railway line provided with a plurality of track circuits adjacent to one another and electrically insulated from one another. Said circuit comprises a pair of rails (R) formed by parallel metal bars (B) and a transmission block (2), capable of supplying the track circuit via a voltage generator designed to cause a current to flow in the circuit, it being possible for information to be associated to said current signal via a predetermined code. Said current delivered and absorbed by the circuit is detectable by a detection device provided on board a train that is travelling along that track circuit.

Abstract: Network apparatus for linking a plurality of client equipments to a network service provider router, by way of Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE), the network apparatus being configured such that, in use, in sending data packets from the client equipments to the network service provider routers the Media Access Control (MAC) address of each client equipment is replaced with a MAC address of an interface card of the apparatus.