Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a decoding method. The method includes: obtaining a bitstream of a first coding unit, where the first coding unit is at least one coding unit in a plurality of coding units; determining an end decrease step, wherein the end decrease step is used to update a virtual padding amount of the plurality of coding units; determining the virtual padding amount of the plurality of coding units based on the end decrease step, where the virtual padding amount is used to reduce storage space of a buffer in a decoding device; determining that an encoding mode of the first coding unit in the plurality of coding units is a fallback mode; and decoding the bitstream of the first coding unit based on the virtual padding amount and the fallback mode, to obtain first data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a coding method, a decoding method, and a decoding device. The decoding method includes: determining a reference sample value of a first color component of the current block; according to the reference sample value of the first color component of the current block, determining a weighting coefficient by means of a neural network model, wherein an input for the neural network model comprises the reference sample value of the first color component of the current block; according to the weighting coefficient and a reference sample value of a second color component of the current block, determining a predicted block of the second color component of the current block; and according to the predicted block, determining a reconstructed value of a sampling point of the second color component of the current block.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mounting bracket for a customer premise equipment and a customer premise equipment. The mounting bracket includes a bracket base (1) and a fixing frame (2). The bracket base (1) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (2). An accommodation cavity is formed in the base (1). A bottom of the accommodation cavity is in contact with a bottom of the mounting end. A plurality of first fasteners (11) extending towards a center of the accommodation cavity are provided on a side wall of the accommodation cavity. At least two of the plurality of first fasteners (11) are provided opposite to each other. A gap is reserved between the first fasteners (11) and the bottom of the accommodation cavity. A height of the gap is adapted to a thickness of a second fastener on the mounting end.

Abstract: When a to-be-decoded bitstream of a coding unit in an image bitstream is decoded, or a to-be-encoded coding unit in a current frame is encoded, three factors are considered: image content of the coding unit, a number of lossy bits, and a buffer fullness of a bitstream buffer, and a target number of bits is dynamically set. The decoder decodes the bitstream of the coding unit based on the quantization parameter determined based on the target number of bits.

Abstract: A method includes: performing picture padding on a to-be-encoded picture to obtain a padded picture; then, obtaining a coding unit based on the padded picture; next, determining coding information of the coding unit based on full padding information of the coding unit; and afterwards, encoding the coding unit based on the coding information to generate a bitstream. The full padding information indicates whether all samples in the coding unit are picture padding samples, and the coding information includes at least one of a number of padding bits or a coding length.

Abstract: A decoding method includes receiving a bitstream; parsing a block vector (BV) of a current subblock from the bitstream, where a prediction mode of a coding unit (CU) of the current subblock is an intra block copy (IBC) mode; determining, for the current subblock based on the BV, whether to use a first intra prediction mode to replace the IBC mode; performing an intra prediction on the current subblock to obtain a predicted value of the current subblock when the first intra prediction mode is to be used to replace the IBC mode; performing an IBC prediction on the current subblock based on the BV to obtain the predicted value when the first intra prediction mode is not to be used to replace the IBC mode; and reconstructing the current subblock based on the predicted value to obtain a reconstructed block of the current subblock.

Abstract: A method comprises obtaining a bit depth of a current picture; obtaining a quantization parameter (QP) of a current coding unit (CU), where the current CU belongs to the current picture; obtaining a picture complexity level of the current CU; obtaining a prediction residual value of a current point, where the current point is located in a first row of the current CU, a prediction value of the current point is a reconstruction value of a reference point, and the reference point is located on an upper side of the current point; and obtaining a QP of the current point based on the bit depth of the current picture, the QP of the current CU, the picture complexity level of the current CU, and the prediction residual value of the current point.

Abstract: A decoding method includes determining, based on a preset mode indication information, whether to use a difference prediction mode to replace an intra prediction mode corresponding to a coding unit (CU). When the difference prediction mode is to be used, the method further includes performing difference prediction on the current subblock, to obtain a predicted value. Otherwise, the method further includes performing intra prediction based on the intra prediction mode corresponding to the CU, to obtain a predicted value.

Abstract: Provided herein is a chromatography media composed of a porous solid substrate (such as a membrane, metal, or metallic alloy) that is coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). Also provided is a chromatography media comprising a HA-coated substrate and uses thereof. Thus this disclosure provides a chromatography media composed of a porous solid substrate (such as a membrane, metal, or metallic alloy) that is coated with HA. Also provided is a chromatography media comprising a HA-coated substrate and uses thereof. Methods of preparing the HA-coated substrate are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dumbbell, which includes a first grip rod and two counterweight assemblies, each of both ends of the first grip rod defines a first screw hole, each of the two counterweight assemblies comprises at least one first counterweight, the first counterweight comprises a first connection portion, the first connection portion is threadedly received in the first screw hole to connect the first grip rod with the first counterweight. The present disclosure further provides a fitness equipment applying the dumbbell.

Abstract: An encoding method includes first obtaining a to-be-encoded picture block, then determining encoding complexity of the to-be-encoded picture block based on a plurality of prediction modes, next determining a quantization parameter of the to-be-encoded picture block based on the encoding complexity, and after that encoding the to-be-encoded picture block based on the quantization parameter to generate a bitstream. The plurality of prediction modes include at least one of block-level prediction, point-level prediction, and intra block copy prediction, and the encoding complexity indicates encoding difficulty of the to-be-encoded picture block.

Abstract: An image encoding and decoding method includes, when a to-be-decoded bitstream of a coding unit in an image bitstream is decoded, or a to-be-encoded coding unit in a current frame is encoded, two factors: image content of the coding unit and a number of bits of data in a bitstream buffer are considered, and a target number of bits is dynamically set. At an encoder side, the coding unit is encoded based on a quantization parameter determined based on the target number of bits. At a decoder side, the bitstream of the coding unit is decoded based on the quantization parameter determined based on the target number of bits.

Abstract: This application discloses an image encoding and decoding method and apparatus, an encoder, a decoder, and a system, and relates to the multimedia field. An example method includes: after encoding of a previous coding unit and decoding of the previous coding unit end, a number of lossless bits of a current coding unit and an average number of lossless bits of the current coding unit are updated based on a number of coded bits of the previous coding unit and a used quantization parameter. When an expected number of bits obtained by performing lossy coding on the coding unit is adaptively allocated based on the image content of the coding unit, a quantization parameter used for encoding or decoding the current coding unit is determined based on the number of coded bits of the previous coding unit.

Abstract: A method includes determining an adjustment value of a number of lossy bits based on an approximate value of a number of remaining coding units. An averaging stage, related to division in a process of calculating the number of lossy bits may be implemented by a shift operation at both an encoder side and a decoder side.

Abstract: A coding device estimates a number of coded bits of an (i+k)th coding unit based on a number of coded bits of an ith coding unit, where k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The coding device further uses image content of the (i+k)th coding unit as an input of the QP decision.

Abstract: An encoding method and apparatus, and a decoding method and apparatus are disclosed, and relate to the field of video coding technologies. A decoding device may decode a coding unit based on a number of coded bits corresponding to the coding unit and a number of estimated bits indicating substream header bits corresponding to a plurality of substreams. This avoids a problem that accuracy of rate control is affected because an error occurs when a rate control module performs rate control only based on the number of coded bits corresponding to the coding unit, and helps improve video decoding quality. In addition, because the decoding device considers a number of bits occupied by the substream header bits, the substream header bits are also considered in a video decoding process.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a decoding method. The method includes: obtaining a bitstream of a first coding unit, where the first coding unit is at least one coding unit in a plurality of coding units; determining an end decrease step, wherein the end decrease step is used to update a virtual padding amount of the plurality of coding units; determining the virtual padding amount of the plurality of coding units based on the end decrease step, where the virtual padding amount is used to reduce storage space of a buffer in a decoding device; determining that an encoding mode of the first coding unit in the plurality of coding units is a fallback mode; and decoding the bitstream of the first coding unit based on the virtual padding amount and the fallback mode, to obtain first data.

Abstract: An encoding device, a decoding device, and a storage medium are provided. A reference sample value for a colour component of a current block is determined. A weighting factor is determined according to the reference sample value for the colour component of the current block. A first prediction block for a second colour component of the current block is determined according to the weighting factor and a reference sample value for the second colour component of the current block, where the number of prediction values of the second colour component of the first prediction block is greater than the number of second-colour-component samples in the current block. First filtering is performed on the first prediction block to determine a second prediction block for the second colour component of the current block. A reconstructed value of the second-colour-component sample in the current block is determined according to the second prediction block.

Abstract: A method for decoding includes: reference information of a current block is determined; a filtering process is performed on at least partial information in the reference information of the current block, to determine target information of the current block; a respective one of weighting coefficients is determined according to each of reference sample values of a first color component in the target information; a prediction block of a second color component of the current block is determined according to the weighting coefficients and reference sample values of a second color component in the target information; and reconstructed values of second color component samples of the current block are determined according to the prediction block.

Abstract: Disclosed are a coding method, a decoding method, and a decoding device. The decoding method includes: determining a reference sample value of a first color component of the current block; according to the reference sample value of the first color component of the current block, determining a weighting coefficient by means of a neural network model, wherein an input for the neural network model comprises the reference sample value of the first color component of the current block; according to the weighting coefficient and a reference sample value of a second color component of the current block, determining a predicted block of the second color component of the current block; and according to the predicted block, determining a reconstructed value of a sampling point of the second color component of the current block.