Abstract: A sole construction for supporting at least a portion of a foot and for providing energy storage and return is provided. The sole construction includes a generally horizontal layer of stretchable material, at least one chamber positioned adjacent a first side of the layer and at least one actuator positioned adjacent a second side of the layer vertically aligned with a corresponding chamber. The sole when compressed causes the actuator to push against the layer and move the layer at least partially into the corresponding chamber.

Abstract: A sole construction (110, 310, 410, 510) for supporting at least a portion of a foot and for providing energy storage and return is provided. The sole construction (110, 310, 410, 510) includes a generally horizontal layer (126, 156, 326, 356, 426, 456, 526, 556) of stretchable material, at least one chamber (130, 132, 134, 330, 332, 334, 354, 354?, 430, 432, 434, 454, 454?, 530, 532, 534, 554, 554?) positioned adjacent a first side of the layer (126, 156, 326, 356, 426, 456, 526, 556), and at least one actuator (122, 158, 320, 322, 324, 358, 420, 422, 424, 458, 520, 522, 524, 558) positioned adjacent a second side of the layer (126, 156, 326, 356, 426, 456, 526, 556) vertically aligned with a corresponding chamber (130, 132, 134, 330, 332, 334, 354, 354?, 430, 432, 434, 454, 454?, 530, 532, 534, 554, 554?).

Abstract: A shoe sole can comprise one or more resiliently compressible elements received in a foundation and located by the foundation to underlie a portion of a foot, such as metatarsal heads, when the shoe is worn. The resiliently compressible element or elements can be shaped to reduce coupling of compression of adjacent regions of the resiliently compressible element. One or more plate elements can be positioned between the resiliently compressible elements and the foot, e.g. under the metatarsal heads. The plate elements can be separated from each other by spaces, such as slots, to reduce coupling of movement of adjacent plate elements. The plate elements can be elastically interconnected at the spaces between them. A plurality of lugs configured to contact the ground can be located on a lower surface of the foundation such that they are generally aligned with the plate elements. The plurality of lugs can be elastically interconnected.

Abstract: In accordance with one implementation, a sole construction includes a flexible membrane in a forefoot region of the sole construction. The flexible membrane interconnects a first rigid plate to a second rigid plate along a longitudinal axis of the sole construction. The flexible membrane is adapted to flex in the forefoot region responsive to a contact force, causing the first rigid plate to move relative to the second rigid plate.

Abstract: In accordance with one implementation, a sole construction for biomechanical stability and afferent feedback includes a cushioning and support layer that cushions and supports a foot and an afferent feedback biomechanical support plate positioned between the cushioning and support layer and the user's foot. The afferent feedback biomechanical support plate may be positioned within a forefoot, midfoot, and/or heel area of the sole construction and may provide improved afferent feedback to the foot during a contact and stance phase of the gait cycle.

Abstract: In accordance with one implementation, a sole construction for energy rebound and storage includes one or more actuators located below primary pressure points of the foot. Each actuator may include a plunger element positioned above an elastic membrane. A cavity positioned below the elastic membrane may be vertically aligned with the plunger element and sized and configured to receive a portion of the membrane. The elastic membrane may be sized and configured to cradle and receive the plunger element so that when force is applied to the plunger element, the elastic membrane may stretch beneath the plunger toward the base of the cavity and store energy. A portion of this energy may be returned through the plunger element when the force is released and the elastic membrane springs back into place.

Abstract: A shoe sole can comprise one or more resiliently compressible elements received in a foundation and located by the foundation to underlie a portion of a foot, such as metatarsal heads, when the shoe is worn. The resiliently compressible element or elements can be shaped to reduce coupling of compression of adjacent regions of the resiliently compressible element. One or more plate elements can be positioned between the resiliently compressible elements and the foot, e.g. under the metatarsal heads. The plate elements can be separated from each other by spaces, such as slots, to reduce coupling of movement of adjacent plate elements. The plate elements can be elastically interconnected at the spaces between them. A plurality of lugs configured to contact the ground can be located on a lower surface of the foundation such that they are generally aligned with the plate elements. The plurality of lugs can be elastically interconnected.

Abstract: A sole construction (110, 310, 410, 510) for supporting at least a portion of a foot and for providing energy storage and return is provided. The sole construction (110, 310, 410, 510) includes a generally horizontal layer (126, 156, 326, 356, 426, 456, 526, 556) of stretchable material, at least one chamber (130, 132, 134, 330, 332, 334, 354, 354, 430, 432, 434, 454, 454?, 530, 532, 534, 554, 554,) positioned adjacent a first side of the layer (126, 156, 326, 356, 426, 456, 526, 556), and at least one actuator (122, 158, 320, 322, 324, 358, 420, 422, 424, 458, 520, 522, 524, 558) positioned adjacent a second side of the layer (126, 156, 326, 356, 426, 456, 526, 556) vertically aligned with a corresponding chamber (130, 132, 134, 330, 332, 334, 354, 354?, 430, 432, 434, 454, 454, 530, 532, 534, 554, 554?).

Abstract: A sculptured sole for athletic footwear includes a base having a plurality of forward support pads which underlie the toes of a wearer's foot and a plurality of rearward support lands which underlie the metatarsals in the ball area of the wearer's foot, a layer of flexible resilient elastic material attached on either of the opposite top or bottom sides of the base and aligned with the forward support pads and rearward support lands, and a plurality of plates and caps which are attached to the layer of elastic material and aligned with the respective support pads and support lands.