Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organ transplant and the issues associated with transplant rejection. Anti-body-mediated rejection (AMR) is associated with a poor transplant outcome. Pathogenic alloantibodies are usually directed against human leucocyte antigens (HLAs). However, evidence of AMR in the absence of anti-HLA antibodies suggests the presence of non-anti-HLA antibodies, identified as anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs). The inventors have demonstrated that kidney recipients who experienced acute rejection with microvascular inflammation within the first 3 months after transplantation in the absence of anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies, carried, before transplantation, unknown AECAs in their sera that specifically targeted the glomerular microvascular endothelium. Thus, the present invention relates to in vitro methods and kits for determining the likelihood of occurrence of an acute microvascular rejection (AMVR) against a renal allograft in an individual.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for diagnosing or determining in a subject who underwent a solid organ transplantation the risk of developing graft rejection other than T cell mediated, comprising the steps of: measuring in a peripheral blood sample from said subject the RNA expression levels of a set of genes comprising at least CXCL10, FCGR1A, FCGR1B and TEMP1; determining from the measured expression levels of said set of genes, an expression profile; comparing the determined expression profile of said subject with a reference expression profile; and determining from said comparison, whether said subject is experiencing said rejection or has an increased risk of developing said rejection.

Abstract: The invention relates to biomarkers for typing or classifying allograft recipients as belonging to a transplant rejection group associated with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The invention also provides for the treatment of typed allograft recipients suffering from antibody-mediated rejection by administration of an appropriate therapeutic agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining whether a renal transplanted patient is at risk of acute rejection, comprising a step of determining the expression level of the CXCL10 polypeptide in a urine sample obtained from said patient until 3-months post-transplantation. The invention also relates to a method for diagnosing antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in a renal transplanted patient, comprising a step of determining the expression level of the CXCL10 polypeptide in a urine sample obtained from said patient.