Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an oscillator apparatus comprising a differential transmission line forming a closed loop, a plurality of active core components that are electrically connected to the differential transmission line and that are configured to compensate for loss in the differential transmission line, a plurality of tuning elements that are electrically coupled with the differential transmission line, and a processor configured to control each tuning element of the plurality of tuning elements to activate or deactivate such that an effective electrical length of the differential transmission line is changed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an oscillator apparatus comprising a differential transmission line forming a closed loop, a plurality of active core components that are electrically connected to the differential transmission line and that are configured to compensate for loss in the differential transmission line, a plurality of tuning elements that are electrically coupled with the differential transmission line, and a processor configured to control each tuning element of the plurality of tuning elements to activate or deactivate such that an effective electrical length of the differential transmission line is changed.

Abstract: A wearable wireless communication device comprises a transceiver positioned on a first side of the device, the transceiver comprising a first antenna configured to receive radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted toward the first side of the device. The device is wearable about an object that attenuates reception, by the first antenna, of RF signals transmitted toward a second side of the device. The device further comprises a waveguide electromagnetically coupled to the transceiver, the waveguide terminating in at least a second antenna positioned on the second side of the device. The second antenna is configured to receive the RF signals transmitted toward the second side of the device. The waveguide is shaped to direct received RF signals around the object to the transceiver. The object may in some embodiments be a piece of human anatomy.

Abstract: A master voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) produces an output signal at an operating frequency of at least 100 gigaHertz (GHz). A buffer VCO injection-locked to an output of the master VCO produces an output signal at the operating frequency with a voltage swing greater than 50% of an output voltage swing of the master VCO output signal. The buffer VCO operates without pulling, and can drive a load of at least three times greater than a nominal load. Phase noise in the output of the buffer VCO is as much as ?96 decibels (dB) relative to the carrier (dBc) per Hertz (Hz) at 125 GHz with a 1 megaHertz (MHz) offset.

Abstract: A method implemented by a device to measure a bodily parameter includes transmitting, by a transmit (Tx) antenna of an antenna pair, a first radar pulse to a receive (Rx) antenna of the antenna pair. The method also includes receiving, by the receive (Rx) antenna, the first radar pulse. The first radar pulse travels through a radar target between the Tx antenna and the Rx antenna. The method further includes transmitting, by the Tx antenna, a second radar pulse to the Rx antenna. In addition the method includes receiving, by the Rx antenna, the second radar pulse, wherein the second radar pulse travels through the radar target between the Tx antenna and the Rx antenna. The method also includes determining a bodily parameter within the radar target as a function of the transmission and the reception of the first radar pulse and the second radar pulse.

Abstract: A wearable wireless communication device comprises a transceiver positioned on a first side of the device, the transceiver comprising a first antenna configured to receive radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted toward the first side of the device. The device is wearable about an object that attenuates reception, by the first antenna, of RF signals transmitted toward a second side of the device. The device further comprises a waveguide electromagnetically coupled to the transceiver, the waveguide terminating in at least a second antenna positioned on the second side of the device. The second antenna is configured to receive the RF signals transmitted toward the second side of the device. The waveguide is shaped to direct received RF signals around the object to the transceiver. The object may in some embodiments be a piece of human anatomy.

Abstract: A master voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) produces an output signal at an operating frequency of at least 100 gigaHertz (GHz). A buffer VCO injection-locked to an output of the master VCO produces an output signal at the operating frequency with a voltage swing greater than 50% of an output voltage swing of the master VCO output signal. The buffer VCO operates without pulling, and can drive a load of at least three times greater than a nominal load. Phase noise in the output of the buffer VCO is as much as ?96 decibels (dB) relative to the carrier (dBc) per Hertz (Hz) at 125 GHz with a 1 megaHertz (MHz) offset.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for frequency conversion. The apparatus includes a mixer configured to provide an output signal with a converted frequency, a local oscillator, and a non-linear transmission structure operably connected to the mixer and the local oscillator. The non-linear transmission structure is configured to cancel at least a portion of non-linearity of the mixer from the output signal and to modify a gain of the output signal. The local oscillator may provide a local oscillator signal to the non-linear transmission structure. The non-linear transmission structure may also be configured to modify the local oscillator signal to cancel at least the portion of the non-linearity of the mixer and to modify the gain of the output signal, and provide the modified local oscillator signal to the mixer.

Abstract: A method implemented by a device to measure a bodily parameter includes transmitting, by a transmit (Tx) antenna of an antenna pair, a first radar pulse to a receive (Rx) antenna of the antenna pair. The method also includes receiving, by the receive (Rx) antenna, the first radar pulse. The first radar pulse travels through a radar target between the Tx antenna and the Rx antenna. The method further includes transmitting, by the Tx antenna, a second radar pulse to the Rx antenna. In addition the method includes receiving, by the Rx antenna, the second radar pulse, wherein the second radar pulse travels through the radar target between the Tx antenna and the Rx antenna. The method also includes determining a bodily parameter within the radar target as a function of the transmission and the reception of the first radar pulse and the second radar pulse.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for frequency conversion. The apparatus includes a mixer configured to provide an output signal with a converted frequency, a local oscillator, and a non-linear transmission structure operably connected to the mixer and the local oscillator. The non-linear transmission structure is configured to cancel at least a portion of non-linearity of the mixer from the output signal and to modify a gain of the output signal. The local oscillator may provide a local oscillator signal to the non-linear transmission structure. The non-linear transmission structure may also be configured to modify the local oscillator signal to cancel at least the portion of the non-linearity of the mixer and to modify the gain of the output signal, and provide the modified local oscillator signal to the mixer.

Abstract: Phase-coherent differential structures contain a phase-coherent transformer having two pairs of phase-coherent coupled differential inductors.

Abstract: There are numerous types of dividers that have been employed at various frequency ranges. For many very high frequency ranges (i.e., above 30 GHz), dividers in CMOS have been developed. However, many of these designs use multiple stages. Here, however, a single stage divider has been provided that is adapted to operate at very high frequencies (i.e., 120 GHz). To accomplish this, it uses parasitic capacitances in conjunction with inductor(s) to form an LC tanks so as to take advantages of parasitics that normal degrade performance.

Abstract: Interleaved three-dimensional (3D) on-chip differential inductors 110, 120 and transformer 100 are disclosed. The interleaved 3D on-chip differential inductors 110, 120 and transformer 100 make the best use of multiple metal layers in mainstream standard processes, such as CMOS, BiCMOS and SiGe technologies.

Abstract: Traditionally, low-noise amplifiers or LNAs have been used in high frequency applications, but for very high frequency ranges (i.e., 60 GHz), building an LNA to meet performance needs has been difficult. Here, however, an LNA has been provided that operates well around 60 GHz. In particularly, this LNA is generally unconditionally stable, has a generally low noise factor or NF, and has a generally high gain around 60 GHz.

Abstract: There are numerous types of dividers that have been employed at various frequency ranges. For many very high frequency ranges (i.e., above 30 GHz), dividers in CMOS have been developed. However, many of these designs use multiple stages. Here, however, a single stage divider has been provided that is adapted to operate at very high frequencies (i.e., 120 GHz). To accomplish this, it uses parasitic capacitances in conjunction with inductor(s) to form an LC tanks so as to take advantages of parasitics that normal degrade performance.

Abstract: Traditionally, low-noise amplifiers or LNAs have been used in high frequency applications, but for very high frequency ranges (i.e., 60 GHz), building an LNA to meet performance needs has been difficult. Here, however, an LNA has been provided that operates well around 60 GHz. In particularly, this LNA is generally unconditionally stable, has a generally low noise factor or NF, and has a generally high gain around 60 GHz.

Abstract: Tuning devices and methods are disclosed. One of the devices comprises a metal structure connected with artificial dielectric elements, and variable capacitance devices. Each variable capacitance device is connected with a respective artificial dielectric element and with a control signal. Control of the variation of the capacitance allows the desired tuning. Another device comprises metallic structures connected with artificial dielectric elements and switches connected between the artificial dielectric elements. Turning ON and OFF the switches allows the capacitance between artificial dielectric elements to be varied and a signal guided by the metallic structures to be tuned.

Abstract: Generation of Terahertz range (300 GHz to 3 THz) frequencies is increasingly important for communication, imaging and spectroscopic systems, including concealed object detection. Apparatus and methods describe generating multiple phase signals which are phase-locked at a fundamental frequency, which are then interleaved into an output which is a multiple of the fundamental frequency. By way of example phase generators comprise cross-coupling transistors (e.g., NMOS) and twist coupling transistors (NMOS) for generating a desired number of phase-locked output phases. A rectifying interleaver comprising a transconductance stage and Class B amplifiers provides superimposition of the phases into an output signal. The invention allows frequency output to exceed the maximum frequency of oscillation of a given device technology, such as CMOS in which a 324 GHz VCO in 90 nm digital CMOS with 4 GHz tuning was realized.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to coupled circuits and methods of coupling circuits having a power supply wherein a plurality of transistors are inductively coupled directly to the power supply for providing a single DC supply voltage directly to each of the plurality of transistors, and wherein a plurality of transformers have primary and secondary windings, the primary and secondary windings providing, at least in part, inductive loads for inductively coupling the plurality of transistors to the power supply, the plurality of transformers also providing an AC signal path for coupling neighboring ones of the plurality of transistors together.

Abstract: Phase-coherent differential structures contain a phase-coherent transformer having two pairs of phase-coherent coupled differential inductors.