Abstract: A method of precipitating copper sulphide from an incoming feed stream comprising copper liberated from within battery materials can includes the steps of: a) receiving an incoming feed stream comprising copper entrained in a carrier liquid in a precipitation apparatus; b) introducing a sulphide reductant to the feed stream to precipitate copper sulphide solids out of the feed stream during a precipitation residence time that is less than 24 hours to produce a copper sulphide slurry; and processing the copper sulphide slurry to separate the precipitated copper sulphide solids and provide a copper-depleted stream.

Abstract: A composition including (a) about 2 to about 25 wt % of L-ascorbic acid, (b) about 0.1 to about 10 wt % of at least one selected form the group consisting of cationic polymers and cationic surfactants, and (c) about 0.1 to about 70 wt % of at least one selected from the group consisting of humectants, polymers with humectant properties, and inorganic driers. The ratio of ingredient (a) to ingredient (b) is about 1:1 to about 50:1. The composition is stable when stored at room temperature for a period of at least ten weeks.

Abstract: A composition including (a) about 2 to about 25 wt % of L-ascorbic acid, (b) about 0.1 to about 10 wt % of at least one selected form the group consisting of cationic polymers and cationic surfactants, and (c) about 0.1 to about 70 wt % of at least one selected from the group consisting of humectants, polymers with humectant properties, and inorganic driers. The ratio of ingredient (a) to ingredient (b) is about 1:1 to about 50:1. The composition is stable when stored at room temperature for a period of at least ten weeks.