Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a wiper blade element (10) for a wiper blade and/or a wiper blade having a wiper blade element (10), in particular for a windscreen wiper. In order to provide simple and economical wiper blade elements and wiper blades having excellent properties, in particular having high wiping quality, high abrasion resistance, a high degree of friction reduction and miming noise reduction and a long service life, in said method a particle layer (12) is applied to an elastomer substrate (11), the elastomer substrate (11) is vulcanised with the particle layer (12) deposited thereon, and, after vulcanisation, a friction-reducing material (13) is applied to the particle layer (12). The invention further relates to a wiper blade element and wiper blade produced in such a way.

Abstract: Reverse osmosis or nanofiltration membranes having a substrate on which a porous supporting layer is arranged, on which supporting layer a separation-active layer is arranged, on which separation-active layer a cover layer is arranged, wherein the separation-active layer comprises polyamide with acid chloride groups on the surface of the separation-active layer, and wherein the cover layer comprises a polymer containing functional groups, and the functional groups of the cover layer are coupled in a chemically reactive manner with the acid chloride groups of the polyamide of the separation-active layer. Embodiments are also directed to a method in which at least one cover layer is applied to the separation-active layer of polyamide immediately thereafter.