Abstract: In some embodiments, a composition includes a nitrogen fertilizer, a reactive oxygen species, and a reactive oxygen species inducer. An effective amount of the reactive oxygen species is sufficient to increase reactive oxygen species in a plant to induce increased nitrogen uptake efficiency by the plant and increased nitrogen utilization efficiency in the plant. In some embodiments, the reactive oxygen species inducer is a black walnut extract. In some embodiments, the reactive oxygen species inducer is hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a composition includes a nitrogen fertilizer, a reactive oxygen species, and a reactive oxygen species inducer. An effective amount of the reactive oxygen species is sufficient to increase reactive oxygen species in a plant to induce increased nitrogen uptake efficiency by the plant and increased nitrogen utilization efficiency in the plant. In some embodiments, the reactive oxygen species inducer is a black walnut extract. In some embodiments, the reactive oxygen species inducer is hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a composition includes a nitrogen fertilizer, a reactive oxygen species, and a reactive oxygen species inducer. An effective amount of the reactive oxygen species is sufficient to increase reactive oxygen species in a plant to induce increased nitrogen uptake efficiency by the plant and increased nitrogen utilization efficiency in the plant. In some embodiments, the reactive oxygen species inducer is a black walnut extract. In some embodiments, the reactive oxygen species inducer is hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for inhibiting nematode damage to plants. The compositions comprise acid extracts or alcohol extracts from jugloneproducing members of the Juglandaceae. The methods comprise applying the compositions of the invention to soil contacting roots of nematode-susceptible plants.

Abstract: This invention provides novel methods for improving plant quality and yield in the presence of pathogens. The method increases the levels of pathogenesis-related proteins, such as PR1, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, or plant cell wall proteins such as hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, in a plant by contacting the plant with a plant systemic inducer and a reactive oxygen species wherein the amount of the reactive oxygen species is sufficient to increase the amount of the pathogenesis-related protein above the level induced by the plant systemic inducer in the absence of the reactive oxygen species. A preferred reactive oxygen species is peracetic acid; a preferred plant systemic inducer is salicylic acid.