Abstract: A method includes dispensing a first set of lanes, that each comprise a tow of fiber-reinforced material, at a first angle such that the lanes are placed side-by-side with respect to each other, forming a first layer of a multi-lane tow. The method further includes applying a film directly in contact with multi-lane tow that resists shear forces applied to the multi-lane tow, transporting the multi-lane tow to a mandrel, and compacting the multi-lane tow via a Ply-By-Ply (PBP) machine disposed at the mandrel. The method further comprises removing the film from the multi-lane tow.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for fabricating multiple segment spars for an aircraft. In one example the method includes fabricating preforms of fiber reinforced material for spar segments, hardening the preforms to form the spar segments, and bonding the spar segments together to form a completed spar detail. In addition to bonding, other examples include co-curing and fastening the spar segments. In additional examples, the spar segments include kinks or sub-kinks as described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for fabricating a fuselage of an aircraft. The method includes: disposing arcuate sections of fuselage at a track of a factory such that concavities of the arcuate sections of the fuselage face a floor of the factory, and bearing edges of the arcuate sections of fuselage directly contact the track; advancing the arcuate sections of fuselage synchronously along the track in a process direction; and performing work within concavities of the arcuate sections of fuselage during pauses between pulses of the arcuate section of fuselage via stations that are disposed beneath the concavities and that are directly mounted to the floor of the factory.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for fabrication of frames for aircraft.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for fabricating a wing panel. Methods include aligning a strongback over a wing panel, vacuum attaching a wing panel surface and pogos extending beneath the strongback, and adjusting the length of pogos to enforce a contour to the wing panel. Systems include a strongback to extend over a wing panel, adjustable-length pogos extending beneath the strongback, and vacuum couplers to attach to a wing panel surface. Other systems include a track, work stations along the track, a strongback to extend over the wing panel and move along the track, adjustable-length pogos extending beneath the strongback, and vacuum couplers to attach to a wing panel surface. Apparatus includes a shuttle having adapters that mate the shuttle with a track, adjustable-length carriers with vacuum couplers to couple with a wing panel surface, and indexing units that interact with indexing features in a manufacturing excess of the wing panel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for assembling a wing. Methods include coupling a robot arm to a bracket on a rib held against a wing panel, and operating the coupled robot arm to install shims between the rib and wing panel. Some methods further include mounting (e.g. detachably) the bracket, such as by aligning it with indexing features at the rib. In some methods, the bracket enforces a contour to the rib. Systems include a carriage coupled to a rib, and a robot arm extending therefrom that is operable to perform work (e.g. inspection, installing shims and/or fasteners, etc.) at an interface between the rib and a wing panel. Apparatus includes a robot arm dimensioned for placement at an interface between a rib and a wing panel, with the robot arm including an end effector to perform work upon the interface (e.g. inspection, installing shims and/or fasteners, etc.).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembling a wing. Methods include suspending an upper wing panel of an aircraft beneath a shuttle, translating a rib to a position it, and placing the rib into contact with, then affixing the rib to, the upper wing panel, while suspended. Some methods include installing ribs and spars to the upper wing panel, and joining a lower wing panel to the ribs and spars, while the upper wing panel is suspended. Some methods involve joining ribs to spars (e.g., all, or some) to produce a support structure that is then affixed to the upper wing panel. Systems include a shuttle that suspends an upper wing panel, and a cart that includes supports to hold a rib, a chassis to translate the rib to a position beneath the upper wing panel, and a lifting apparatus to lift the rib into contact with the upper wing panel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for placing preforms onto a mandrel. One illustrative method includes moving a mandrel in a process direction relative to a station(s) that comprises multiple pick-and-place machine(s), identifying a tray that stores a preform comprising an unhardened fiber-reinforced material, placing the strong back at the preform via at least one of the pick-and-place machine(s), applying a vacuum to hold the preform in contact with the strong back, transporting the preform to a mandrel via the pick-and-place machine(s), and placing the preform onto the mandrel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus involved in the process of hardening a composite part are disclosed herein. The methods include applying a preform to a mandrel, covering the preform with a caul plate, sealing the caul plate to the mandrel, pushing the caul plate toward the preform and the mandrel and hardening the preform into a composite part while the caul plate is held against the preform. The apparatus include a mandrel, a caul plate which defines a surface of a preform and where the caul plate may include a rigid material and seals disposed between the mandrel and the caul plate. In an additional aspect, the apparatus may include a sealed chamber with a mandrel and a caul plate and a circumferential seal between the mandrel and the caul plate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembling a structure. The systems and method including micro pulsing a structure along a track in a process direction by less than a length of the structure. The structure is indexed to one or more work stations by mating indexing features in a manufacturing excess of the structure to complementary features at the work stations. The work stations would the perform work on the structure at the work stations while the structure is indexed to the work stations. Iteratively repeating the micro pulsing and indexing and working upon the structure until it is ready to advance to the next assembly process.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for aircraft assembly. The method includes receiving a half barrel section of fuselage in an assembly line having a plurality of serially arranged work stations; advancing the half barrel section in a process direction through the assembly line such that the half barrel section extends across at least a portion of the work stations; and performing work on the half barrel section with the portion of the work stations simultaneously.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembling a section of a fuselage of an aircraft. The method includes pulsing a half barrel section of the fuselage along a track in a process direction, utilizing an indexing feature associated with the half barrel section to determine a desired contour for a portion of the half barrel section, and enforcing the desired contour onto the half barrel section using components that enforce an inner mold line and components that enforce an outer mold line when the half barrel section is out of tolerance from the desired contour.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembling an aircraft. The method includes receiving an upper half barrel section of fuselage that is in a crown up orientation and installing a crown module into the upper half barrel section.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for installing ribs and/or spars to a wing panel while a contour is enforced. Methods include suspending a wing panel beneath a shuttle that enforces the contour, advancing the wing panel through work stations via the shuttle, and installing a rib or a spar (or another wing panel) at a work station, while the contour is enforced. Other methods include locating a wing panel beneath a shuttle, coupling adjustable-length pogos to the wing panel at locations distinct from those corresponding with an installation location, e.g. for a rib or a spar, and controlling the length of the pogos to enforce a contour to the wing panel. Some systems include a track, work stations disposed along the track, and a shuttle to advance along the track and convey a wing panel to each of the work stations while enforcing a contour onto the wing panel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembling aircraft fuselages. One embodiment is a method for assembling a fuselage of an aircraft. The method includes indexing an arcuate section of a fuselage to a frame installation station, feeding a frame at the frame installation station into a concavity defined by the arcuate section, placing the frame against an Inner Mold Line (IML) of the arcuate section while the frame is within the concavity, and affixing the frame to the arcuate section.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembling an airframe of an aircraft, including receiving a half barrel section of fuselage, advancing the half barrel section in a process direction across multiple stations to separately and simultaneously perform work on the half barrel sections, and subsequently joining the half barrel segments to form a section of the airframe. Each pair of half barrel sections, such as upper and lower half barrels, are progressed through assembly line processes to be delivered to a joining station for joining the half barrels together to form a circumferential section of the fuselage. Multiple joined circumferential sections are joined together to form an elongated extent of the fuselage. Indexing features are provided in the assembly process to monitor and control the progression of the half barrel sections in the work stations of the assembly line process.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assembly line processing of aircraft wing panels. The method includes inputting wing panels into an assembly line, the assembly line having a number of work stations, the wing panels oriented such that leading edges are all on a first side of the work stations, and trailing edges are all on a second side of the work stations, and advancing the wing panels in a process direction through the number of work stations, at least a first portion of the work stations dedicated to wing panel leading edge processing, and a second portion of the work stations dedicated to wing panel trailing edge processing.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for fabricating a wing panel. Methods include aligning a strongback over a wing panel, vacuum attaching a wing panel surface and pogos extending beneath the strongback, and adjusting the length of pogos to enforce a contour to the wing panel. Systems include a strongback to extend over a wing panel, adjustable-length pogos extending beneath the strongback, and vacuum couplers to attach to a wing panel surface. Other systems include a track, work stations along the track, a strongback to extend over the wing panel and move along the track, adjustable-length pogos extending beneath the strongback, and vacuum couplers to attach to a wing panel surface. Apparatus includes a shuttle having adapters that mate the shuttle with a track, adjustable-length carriers with vacuum couplers to couple with a wing panel surface, and indexing units that interact with indexing features in a manufacturing excess of the wing panel.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for manufacturing curved composite stringers. Such composite stringers may have in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends, which are formed while shaping composite charges. Specifically, a composite charge is shaped using a pallet, comprising a plurality of independent pallet portions, rotatably coupled to each other. A hat portion is formed when a part of this charge is conformed to a cavity in the pallet. The pallet portions are rotated relative to each other while forming the hat portion and/or when the hat portion already conforms to the cavity. In some examples, the die is bent together with the charge, when the pallet portions are rotated. This rotation produces one or more of in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends. In some examples, flange portions of the composite charge are positioned in a temporary orientation, e.g., to enable bending of the charge and reduce wrinkles.

Abstract: Composite parts including hybrid plies, methods of forming the composite parts, and systems for forming the composite parts are disclosed herein. The composite parts include a plurality of plies of composite material. At least one ply is a hybrid ply. The hybrid ply is defined by a plurality of distinct ply tiles, and at least one distinct ply tile in the plurality of distinct ply tiles defines at least one ply tile property that differs from a corresponding ply tile property of at least one other distinct ply tile in the plurality of distinct ply tiles. The methods include selecting at least one distinct ply tile and positioning the at least one distinct ply tile. The methods also include selecting at least one other distinct ply tile and positioning the at least one other distinct ply tile. The systems include systems that define the composite parts and/or perform the methods.