Abstract: A method is disclosed for synthesizing a reactive sulfur-containing adsorbent material for removing metals, preferably mercury, from hydrocarbon fluids. The method includes impregnating a porous polystyrene resin with elemental sulfur, and heating the impregnated resin/sulfur mixture to chemically fix the sulfur to the resin. The elemental sulfur may be in solid, liquid, or vapor phase under conditions of contact with the resin. Also disclosed is the reactive adsorbent synthesized by this method. Also, a process is disclosed for removing mercury from hydrocarbon fluids by using a reactive adsorbent of the invention.

Abstract: A process for recovering diamondoid compounds from hydrocarbonaceous minerals and/or from deposits left by such minerals in equipment or otherwise, which comprises dissolving diamondoid compounds in an aromatic distillate fuel oil; extracting aromatics from the solution; and separating diamondoid compounds from the raffinate of the extraction.

Abstract: A non-friable support, e.g., sand, coated with a polymer is prepared by contacting the support containing a polymerization catalyst with a monomer which is at least one multi-functional olefin, e.g., a diene, under monomer polymerization conditions. The product of the polymerization process is a highly cross-linked coating which engulfs the support, thereby rendering it hydrolytically and thermally stable. The support can be used as a sand pack in enhanced oil recovery operations, wherein it is resistant to deterioration due to high temperature, pressure and alkaline conditions existing in the subterranean formations.

Abstract: A process for recovering diamondoid compounds from a fluid mixture thereof with other hydrocarbonaceous compounds which comprises contacting said mixture with a porous solid, for example, a zeolite, having pore opening large enough to admit said diamondoid compounds thereinto and small enough so that at least 50% of the external atoms of said diamondoid compounds are capable of simultaneously contacting the internal walls of the pores of said solid under conditions conducive to absorption of diamondoid compounds by said solid; and then desorbing the absorbate comprising diamondoid compounds from said solid absorbant.

Abstract: According to this invention, substantially hydrocarbonaceous fractions comprising diamondoid compounds are peculiarly suitable for separation by a thermal gradient diffusion process. Applicability of this process to this service is dependent upon the fact that the diamondoid compounds exhibit a large change in viscosity relative to temperature, that is, their viscosity goes down significantly per degree of increase in temperature.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for extending the catalytic dewaxing cycle time of a refined waxy lube stock. The method, in its broadest aspect, requires the additional refining step of thermally treating the refined waxy stock or precursor thereof for about 0.1 to about 2.0 hours at elevated temperature and at a pressure of 0 to 3000 psig (pounds per square inch gauge), and recovering an upgraded waxy stock having a reduced content of trace compounds that contain metals, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.In a specific embodiment of this invention, a vacuum residuum is thermally treated at a temperature of about 700.degree. F. to 950.degree. F. prior to solvent deasphalting and solvent extraction, and the waxy bright stock so formed is catalytically dewaxed with extended cycle time.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a spent porous crystalline catalyst, optionally associated with a metal component such as noble and/or base metal(s), is described. The method comprises contacting the spent catalyst which has become deactivated by accumulation of carbonaceous residue with one or more light aromatic compounds under conditions resulting in reactivation of said catalyst. The light aromatic compounds employed are ones which have the capability of penetrating the catalyst, so as to contact the carbonaceous residue contained therein, undergoing alkylation by alkyl fragments contributed by components of the carbonaceous residue and diffusing from or otherwise escaping the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for treating a porous crystalline catalyst optionally associated with a metal component such as a noble and/or base metal(s) is described. The method comprises contacting the catalyst with a low molecular weight aromatic compound under coking conditions. Such a treatment method increases the cycle length and the useful life of the catalyst. Using the treated catalyst in a dewaxing process and regenerating the catalyst by treating with hydrogen and a low molecular weight hydrocarbon.

Abstract: In the cataytic cracking of gas oils or heavier feeds, retarded catalyst aging is achieved by adding lighter saturated hydrocarbons such as paraffins and/or cycloparaffins to the feed together with employing a highly siliceous zeolite as the cracking catalyst. The unconverted light hydrocarbon may be recovered and recycled. The invention is applicable to fluid catalytic cracking for the manufacture of gasoline and light fuel oil, and also to the catalytic dewaxing process wherein normal paraffins are selectively cracked to reduce the pour point of a fuel oil or of a lubricant based stock.

Abstract: Catalytic hydroconversion of a relatively heavy hydrocarbon residual fraction is effected in the presence of a lighter oil fraction by adding a thermally decomposable metal compound to the oil, along with an acidic catalyst solid to the oil, and passing the mixture to a hydroconversion zone containing hydrogen at an elevated temperature. Preferred metals are cobalt and molybdenum. Preferred solids are large pore zeolites, silica/alumina, clays and surface activated metal oxides.

Abstract: Coal and residual oil are simultaneously processed in a reactor with a combustion zone at the bottom and a fluidized bed on top of it. The residual oil is injected into heat exchange relationship with the top of the fluidized bed where it is cracked with heat generated by the combustion.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of oxygenated compounds, more specifically aldehydes and alcohols, by reacting an olefin with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of, as a ctalyst, an insoluble polymer containing a functional group, which may be an amine, thiol, phosphine, or arsine group, having chemically bonded thereto a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The metal can be, for example, rhodium, cobalt, or ruthenium. The olefin can contain more than one carbon-to-carbon double bond, may be an open chain or a cyclic olefin, and may be substituted. Further, the olefin may be contained in a refinery stream such as a cracked gasoline. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a polar solvent.

Abstract: Organic compound conversion in the presence of a new class of heterogeneous catalyst is provided. Said new class of heterogeneous catalyst comprises a substrate having a minimum surface area of about 10 m.sup.2 /g and having pores with a minimum pore diameter of about 5 Angstrom Units, said substrate being modified by at least one amine functional member coordinated to a metal function, said amine functional member acting as a bridging member between said substrate and said metal function.

Abstract: The present invention provides two-stage and three-stage fluidized bed process embodiments for burning carbonaceous solids for the generation of heat to produce motive fluids for application in combined cycle power plant systems.The finely-divided refractory solids employed in the fluidized beds may contain sorbent material to neutralize noxious gas constituents and yield a clean flue gas for venting.

Abstract: Hydrogen conservation in solvent refining of coal is practiced and solvent compositions and adjusted to needs of two stage operation. The first stage is a short residence time dissolution in a recycle solvent rich in phenols and polyaromatics of high boiling range. The solvent is enriched for the second stage in low boiling hydrogen donors and the product of the process undergoes hydrotreating in an integrated process.

Abstract: A process for producing a wide slate of fuel products from coal is provided by integrating a methanol-to-gasoline conversion process with coal liquefaction and coal gasification. The coal liquefaction comprises contacting the coal with a solvent under supercritical conditions whereby a dense-gas phase solvent extracts from the coal a hydrogen-rich extract which can be upgraded to produce a distillate stream. The remaining coal is gasified under oxidation conditions to produce a synthesis gas which is converted to methanol. The methanol is converted to gasoline by contact with a zeolite catalyst. Solvent for coal extraction is process derived from the upgraded distillate fraction or gasoline fraction of the methanol-to-gasoline conversion.

Abstract: Coal is processed by liquefying the coal with a hydrogen-donor solvent under a short-contact-time liquefaction, separating the coal liquid effluent into liquid phases of distinct polarity and an undissolved coal residue, upgrading a portion of the liquid phase, gasifying the residue and high polarity coal liquid to produce a synthesis gas which is used to form methanol. The methanol is catalytically converted to gasoline products. Solvents for liquefaction and effluent separation can be derived from the upgraded liquid phase, methanol and gasoline products. Hydrogen for liquefaction, methanol synthesis and upgrading is derived from the synthesis gas.

Abstract: Solvent refining of coal is conducted with a blend of coals calculated to maintain the phenols of the steady state recycle solvent within desired limits.

Abstract: A process for continuously or semi-continuously producing and collecting highly oriented graphite crystals by diffusing carbon atoms through a heated Group VIII metal artifact such that they precipitate as graphite on a surface of the artifact. Diffusion of carbon atoms through the artifact is driven by maintaining a temperature differential across the artifact.

Abstract: Conversion of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, alcohol and olefin containing mixtures in the presence of a new class of heterogeneous catalyst is provided. Said new class of heterogeneous catalyst comprises a substrate having a minimum surface area of about 10 m.sup.2 /g and having pores with a minimum pore diameter of about 5 Angstrom Units, said substrate being modified by at least one amine functional member coordinated to a metal function, said amine functional member acting as a bridging member between said substrate and said metal function.