Abstract: Friction reducers can be used in fluids for oil and gas operations. Friction reducers can be water-hydratable and can decrease the friction within wellbore components after fully hydrating. The friction reducer can be pre-hydrated at the well site. The friction reducer and water can be combined into a static mixer of a pre-hydration apparatus that forms a mixed fluid. The friction reducer can be retained in the pre-hydration apparatus for a sufficient period of time to allow the friction reducer to hydrate. The mixed fluid containing the pre-hydrated friction reducer can then be added to a base fluid to form a treatment fluid. The treatment fluid can be a fracturing fluid. The pre-hydrated friction reducer can provide an immediate reduction in friction to the treatment fluid as the treatment fluid is being pumped into the wellbore.

Abstract: A dynamic picture display system. The system consists of an LCD display that is approximately the size of a framed picture, a USB cable that is connected to the LCD display, and a computer system for formatting still or moving images, (pictures) for display on the computer system.

Abstract: A dynamic picture display system. The system consists of an LCD display that is approximately the size of a framed picture, a USB cable that is connected to the LCD display, and a computer system for formatting still or moving images, (pictures) for display on the computer system.

Abstract: The performance of a silicon photovoltaic cell is improved while process yield is maintained by first forming doped regions in a major surface of a silicon wafer and providing electrical interconnections to the doped regions prior to thinning the wafer by etching another major surface of the wafer. A passivating antireflection layer is applied to the etched surface after the surface is precleaned. The precleaning can be by ammonia plasma applied in situ as a precursor to depositing silicon nitride as the passivation layer.