Abstract: A sealed package's transmission of oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, or other gas or vapor that is of interest because of its potential adverse effects on the package contents is determined indirectly, based upon the package's transmission of a different gas selected as a test gas. Helium is preferred as a test gas. The package's total transmission of the test gas is separated into its components of leakage through the package seals and permeation through the packaging material itself. The package's leakage of the gas of interest is determined based on its leakage of the test gas, in accordance with the molecular weights of the gases.

Abstract: A sealed package's transmission of oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, or other gas or vapor that is of interest because of its potential adverse effects on the package contents is determined indirectly, based upon the package's transmission of a different gas selected as a test gas. Helium is preferred as a test gas. The package's total transmission of the test gas is separated into its components of leakage through the package seals and permeation through the packaging material itself. The package's leakage of the gas of interest is determined based on its leakage of the test gas, in accordance with the molecular weights of the gases.

Abstract: A carpet securement includes a polymeric body with a longitudally extending groove in its bottom surface. Tacks or other fasteners protrude upwardly through the body. The tackheads or other drive elements of the fasteners may be lodged within the groove and serve as a bearing element to help support that portion of the body bridging the groove. The body may also be provided with a downwardly projecting riblike support rail inside the groove to help support the body. A groove minimizes the weight of a polymer incorporated in the securement body and further permits flush seating of the fasteners without localized overstressing of the polymer. In an extrusion process useful in making the body or other polymeric elements, sizing dies are provided with devices for maintaining a fluid film between an extrudate passed through the die and the contact surfaces of the die itself.

Abstract: Polystyrene having a high storage modulus is blended with a polyolefin, and the blend is converted to a mixed melt which is caused to flow and then a cooled and solidified to form a substantially solid two phase composite. The high storage modulus polystyrene provides particularly good results. Especially good properties are achieved at about 35% polystyrene by weight. Either or both components may be recycled materials and may incorporate minor amounts of other plastics as contaminants.

Abstract: A disposable container consisting of a tetrahedral-shaped chamber and a base member formed from a paperboard blank pre-coated with an adhesive layer and having folding guides at desired locations to provide the base with arms to hold the chamber. The chamber is formed from a segment of flexible plastic tubing, sealed at the bottom and sealed at the top on a line transverse to the sealing line at the bottom to form the tetrahedral-shaped chamber. The chamber is stably mounted on the base member, which provides a wide surface for supporting and protecting the tetrahedral chamber and also provides labeling surfaces for the container.

Abstract: A disposable container consisting of a tetrahedral-shaped chamber and a base member formed from a folded cardboard blank pre-coated with an adhesive layer and having folding guides at desired locations to provide the base with arms to hold the chamber. The chamber is formed from a segment of flexible plastic tubing, sealed at the bottom and sealed at the top on a line transverse to the sealing line at the bottom to form the tetrahedral-shaped chamber. The chamber is stably mounted on the base member, which provides a wide surface for supporting and protecting the tetrahedral chamber and also provides labeling surfaces for the container.