Abstract: A model management system for managing models that carry out at least one function on data obtained from at least one tag is arranged to store data indicative of a plurality of model modules, each model module configured to implement core functionality of a model, and data indicative of a plurality of non-core functions, each non-core function configured to implement non-core functionality of a model. The system is also arranged to store a plurality of application containers, each including components required to execute a model and each application container defining a computing environment suitable for implementing the model. The system includes a model implementer arranged to implement a model by implementing at least one model module defined for the model and implementing at least one non-core function defined for the model, and the model implementer is arranged to implement the model using a stateless container suitable for implementing the model.