Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyrrole compounds, which may be useful as antagonists of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (mAChR M4). Also disclosed herein are methods of making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of treating disorders using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: A thermoplastic acrylonitrile containing copolymer/lignin blend, e.g., thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/lignin blend, is provided, whereas the blend comprises (i) an amount of thermoplastic acrylonitrile containing copolymer (e.g., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer); (ii) an amount of lignin; (iii) an amount of compatibilizing agent, such as phthalic anhydride, capable of imparting improved ductility and impact strength to the resultant blend and (iv) optionally an amount of at least one additive to impart specific properties including, but not limited, to resistance to ultraviolet radiation, resistance to oxidation, flame retardance, color, surface friction, or surface static charge accumulation. Methods of improving impact strength and/or ductility of, for example, a thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/lignin blend and articles made therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermoplastic acrylonitrile containing copolymer/lignin blend, e.g., thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/lignin blend, is provided, whereas the blend comprises (i) an amount of thermoplastic acrylonitrile containing copolymer (e.g., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer); (ii) an amount of lignin; (iii) an amount of compatibilizing agent, such as phthalic anhydride, capable of imparting improved ductility and impact strength to the resultant blend and (iv) optionally an amount of at least one additive to impart specific properties including, but not limited, to resistance to ultraviolet radiation, resistance to oxidation, flame retardance, color, surface friction, or surface static charge accumulation. Methods of improving impact strength and/or ductility of, for example, a thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/lignin blend and articles made therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: High glass transition temperature lignin derivatives and methods of making the same are disclosed herein. In addition, methods for making carbon nanofibers from the lignin derivatives is also provided. The lignin derivatives disclosed herein are suitable for electrospinning and provide increased efficiency in production of carbon nanofibers. The lignin derivatives may be obtained using the methods disclosed herein from pulping processes conducted on lignin stock material.

Abstract: A precursor for carbon fiber production comprises a continuous lignin fiber including carbon nanotubes dispersed therein at a concentration of about 10 wt. % or less. A method of melt-spinning a continuous lignin fiber includes preparing a melt comprising molten lignin and a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and extruding the melt through a spinneret to form a continuous lignin fiber having the carbon nanotubes dispersed therein.

Abstract: A polymer substrate for recombinant protein purification is provided. A process for purifying recombinant proteins is also provided. In general, the present invention is directed to a chelating composition which may be used in a self-supported purification medium for recombinant protein purification. In another embodiment, a process for removal of transition metals from environmental waste is also provided.

Abstract: Hydrophobically-modified proteins and methods of making them are described. A hydrophobic moiety is attached to a surface amino acid residue of the protein. The hydrophobic moiety can be a lipid or a peptide. Alternatively, the protein can be derivatized by a wide variety of chemical reactions that append a hydrophobic structure to the protein. The preferred protein is of mammalian origin and is selected from the group consisting of Sonic, Indian, and Desert hedgehog. The hydrophobic moiety is used as a convenient tether to which may be attached a vesicle such as a cell membrane, liposome, or micelle.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyalkylene glycol compounds and methods of using them. In particular, compounds comprising a novel polyethylene glycol conjugate are used alone, or in combination with antiviral agents to treat a viral infection, such as chronic hepatitis C.