Abstract: A water-repellent textile is produce by applying to a textile a solution of Al13 nanoclusters or aluminum nitrate or hydrates of aluminum nitrate in a solvent to produce a wetted textile; and photo-annealing the wetted textile with ultraviolet light having a wavelength in the range of 180 nm to 260 nm to produce an Al2O3 coating on fibers of the textile. The textile may be, for example, cotton, polyester, wool, nylon, chiffon, nubuck, leather, burlap, silk, denim, or any combination thereof. Preferably, the solvent is a solubilizing organic solvent, pure water, or a miscible organic/water solvent mixture.

Abstract: A method comprising reacting an aluminum mineral polymorph or a gallium mineral polymorph with an acid at an aluminum metal to acid molar ratio or gallium metal to acid molar ratio sufficient to produce M13 nanoscale clusters, M nano-agglomerates, or a M13 slurry, wherein M is Al or Ga.

Abstract: A method for detecting for the presence of H2S or HS? anion in a system, comprising contacting a sample from the system with a compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having a structure represented by: wherein Y represents an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; R is independently H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, a polyether moiety, carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, carbamate, substituted carbonate, carbonyloxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, amido, aryloxy, cyano, hydroxyl, or sulfonyl; R1 is H, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted aralkyl or aralkyl; R2 is selected from H, acyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkyl, phosphonyl, —SO2R3; —C(O)R5; —C(O)OR7 or —C(O)NR9R10; R3; R5; R7; R9 and R10 are each independently selected from H, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkyl, substituted aryl or aryl.

Abstract: A method for detecting for the presence of H2S or HS? anion in a system, comprising contacting a sample from the system with a compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having a structure represented by: wherein Y represents an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; R is independently H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, a polyether moiety, carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, carbamate, substituted carbonate, carbonyloxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, amido, aryloxy, cyano, hydroxyl, or sulfonyl; R1 is H, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted aralkyl or aralkyl; R2 is selected from H, acyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkyl, phosphonyl, —SO2R3; —C(O)R5; —C(O)OR7 or —C(O)NR9R10; R3; R5; R7; R9 and R10 are each independently selected from H, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkyl, substituted aryl or aryl.

Abstract: A compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, of formula I: wherein Y is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl; n is 1 or 2; each R10 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, a polyether moiety, carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, aryloxy, aryl, substituted aryl, cyano, hydroxyl, carbonylamino, aminocarbonyl, acyl, sulfonyl, or substituted sulfonyl; a is 0 to 4; is an aryl or heteroaryl ring; and each R is independently halogen, carbonylamino, sulfonamide, carboxylic acid or hydrogen, provided at least one R is a halogen; and provided that if Y is are not respectively.

Abstract: A method comprising reacting an aluminum mineral polymorph or a gallium mineral polymorph with an acid at an aluminum metal to acid molar ratio or gallium metal to acid molar ratio sufficient to produce M13 nanoscale clusters, M nano-agglomerates, or a M13 slurry, wherein M is Al or Ga.

Abstract: A method comprising reacting an aluminum mineral polymorph or a gallium mineral polymorph with an acid at an aluminum metal to acid molar ratio or gallium metal to acid molar ratio sufficient to produce M13 nanoscale clusters, M nano-agglomerates, or a M13 slurry, wherein M is Al or Ga.

Abstract: A compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, of formula I: wherein Y is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl; n is 1 or 2; each R10 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, a polyether moiety, carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, aryloxy, aryl, substituted aryl, cyano, hydroxyl, carbonylamino, aminocarbonyl, acyl, sulfonyl, or substituted sulfonyl; a is 0 to 4; is an aryl or heteroaryl ring; and each R is independently halogen, carbonylamino, sulfonamide, carboxylic acid or hydrogen, provided at least one R is a halogen; and provided that if Y is are not respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel method for preparing cyclophanes, comprising forming a disulfide cyclophane by contacting a linker moiety which includes two or more thiol groups, with a metal salt and an oxidant. The disulfide cyclophane is then desulfurized to form a thiacyclophane comprising thioether bridges. This thiacyclophane optionally may be further desulfurized to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon cyclophane, which can then be reduced to form a saturated hydrocarbon cyclophane. The various cyclophanes can be synthesized in a ring form, such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer etc., or they can be synthesized in a tetrahedral or larger structure. Also disclosed are novel cyclophanes formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a material comprising a functionalized solid support surface, wherein the functionalization comprises a thioalkylene linker bound to the support surface and the thioalkylene linker is coupled to a moiety derived from a ligand, wherein the ligand includes a terminal alkenyl and at least one first functional group configured to bind to at least one predetermined target species.

Abstract: A compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having a formula I of: wherein Y represents an optionally substituted aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; a is 0 to 4; R1 and R2 are each independently H; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted aralkyl; acyl; phosphonyl; —SO2R12; —C(O)R13; —C(O)OR14; —C(O)NR15R16; —C(O)CH2R17; or —C(S)—NR18R19; —S(O)R20; or —SO2NR21R22, wherein R12-R22 are each independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or —C(O)R23, wherein R23 is H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; and each R3 is independently optionally substituted alkyl, halogen, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxyl, amide; amino; or nitro.

Abstract: A method comprising reacting an aluminum mineral polymorph or a gallium mineral polymorph with an acid at an aluminum metal to acid molar ratio or gallium metal to acid molar ratio sufficient to produce M13 nanoscale clusters, M nano-agglomerates, or a M13 slurry, wherein M is Al or Ga.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are host or receptor compounds that bind targets of interest. In one embodiment the compounds bind ions, such as metal ions. A compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having the formula of: Formula IIa wherein R6 is an aminoalkoxy, alkylamino, nitro or —NH2; n is 1 or 2; each R2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, halogen, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxyl, or amide; a is 0 to 4.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a material comprising a functionalized solid support surface, wherein the functionalization comprises a thioalkylene linker bound to the support surface and the thioalkylene linker is coupled to a moiety derived from a ligand, wherein the ligand includes a terminal alkenyl and at least one first functional group configured to bind to at least one predetermined target species.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel method for preparing cyclophanes, comprising forming a disulfide cyclophane by contacting a linker moiety which includes two or more thiol groups, with a metal salt and an oxidant. The disulfide cyclophane is then desulfurized to form a thiacyclophane comprising thioether bridges. This thiacyclophane optionally may be further desulfurized to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon cyclophane, which can then be reduced to form a saturated hydrocarbon cyclophane. The various cyclophanes can be synthesized in a ring form, such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer etc., or they can be synthesized in a tetrahedral or larger structure. Also disclosed are novel cyclophanes formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: A method for detecting for the presence of H2S or HS? anion in a system, comprising contacting a sample from the system with a compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having a structure represented by: wherein Y represents an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; R is independently H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, a polyether moiety, carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, carbamate, substituted carbonate, carbonyloxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, amido, aryloxy, cyano, hydroxyl, or sulfonyl; R1 is H, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted aralkyl or aralkyl; R2 is selected from H, acyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkyl, phosphonyl, —SO2R3; —C(O)R5; —C(O)OR7 or —C(O)NR9R10; R3; R5; R7; R9 and R10 are each independently selected from H, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkyl, substituted aryl or aryl.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel method for preparing cyclophanes, comprising forming a disulfide cyclophane by contacting a linker moiety which includes two or more thiol groups, with a metal salt and an oxidant. The disulfide cyclophane is then desulfurized to form a thiacyclophane comprising thioether bridges. This thiacyclophane optionally may be further desulfurized to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon cyclophane, which can then be reduced to form a saturated hydrocarbon cyclophane. The various cyclophanes can be synthesized in a ring form, such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer etc., or they can be synthesized in a tetrahedral or larger structure. Also disclosed are novel cyclophanes formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: A compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having a formula I of: wherein Y represents an optionally substituted aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; a is 0 to 4; R1 and R2 are each independently H; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted aralkyl; acyl; phosphonyl; —S02R12; —C(0)R13; —C(0)OR14; —C(0)NR15R16; —C(0)CH2R17; or —C(S)—NR18R19; —S(0)R20; or —S02NR21R22, wherein R12-R22 are each independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or —C(0)R23, wherein R23 is H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; and each R3 is independently optionally substituted alkyl, halogen, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxyl, amide; amino; or nitro.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel method for preparing cyclophanes, comprising forming a disulfide cyclophane by contacting a linker moiety which includes two or more thiol groups, with a metal salt and an oxidant. The disulfide cyclophane is then desulfurized to form a thiacyclophane comprising thioether bridges. This thiacyclophane optionally may be further desulfurized to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon cyclophane, which can then be reduced to form a saturated hydrocarbon cyclophane. The various cyclophanes can be synthesized in a ring form, such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer etc., or they can be synthesized in a tetrahedral or larger structure. Also disclosed are novel cyclophanes formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: A compound, or a protonate or salt thereof, having the formula of: wherein R1 is an optionally substituted aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; each R2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, halogen, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxyl, or amide; a is 0 to 4; R3 is H or an optionally substituted alkyl; each R4 and R5 is independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, acyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or —C(O)R8; and R8 is H, alkyl, aralkyl or aryl.