Abstract: A body fluid sampling system for use on a tissue site includes a drive force generator and one or more microneedles operatively coupled to the drive force generator. Each of a microneedle has a height of 500 to 2000 ?m and a variable tapering angle of 60 to 90°. A sample chamber is coupled to the one or more microneedles. A body fluid is created when the one or more microneedles pierces a tissue site flows to the sample chamber for glucose detection and analysis.

Abstract: A body fluid sampling or fluid delivery system includes a polymeric support and an array of polymeric microneedles coupled to the support, each of a microneedle having a height of 500 to 2000 ?m and a tapering angle of 60 to 90°. A plurality of polymeric microchannels are provided with being associated with a microneedle. The plurality of polymeric microchannels are integrally formed with the array of polymeric microneedles without bonding. At least one polymeric reservoir is coupled to the plurality of microchannels.

Abstract: A medical product is provided that is selected from at least one of, nasal cannulas, oxygen masks, wound dressings, bandages, band aids, catheters, endotrachial tubes, condoms, surgical and other gloves, sheaths for endoscopy probes, and medical products that physically touch the body. A coating is included with at least one of, a non-antibiotic, antimicrobial and/or antiviral substance that prevents further local, non-systemic, colonization of infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for granular management of network resources by accessing network device resources through associated references. In one embodiment, the references are group names, and one or more resources (i.e., a resource collection) within each network device in a telecommunications network may be linked with one or more group names. Group names (or other types of references) may then be used to limit a user's access to particular network device resources. That is, a user may only have access to those resources associated with group names to which the user has access. Over time, network device resources may be associated or disassociated with particular group names. As a result, group names provide users with dynamic access to network device resources. In one embodiment, the groups to which a user has access are defined within a user profile associated with the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for managing distributed statistical data retrieval in a network device. Periodically, statistical data is gathered by processes on one or more remote cards in a network device and transferred to a central process. The statistical data may comprise, for example, management/historical data including accounting, performance, security and fault logging data (or some portion thereof). In one embodiment, the central process may notify each process as to when gathered statistical data may be reported. This allows the central process to throttle the amount of data sent to the central process in accordance with any existing backlog of data to be processed by the central process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for managing telecommunications networks through user profiles that establish management capabilities and lists of network devices capable of being managed through each user profile. Through profiles, users may be given controlled access to configure network devices, provision services or simply view the network devices, services or portions thereof. For example, customers may be enabled to view services dedicated to their particular networks while being simultaneously prevented from viewing services particular to other customer's networks. This provides security while enabling controlled customer network management. In addition, profiles may be used to limit the management capabilities of network managers to only those network devices and capabilities for which each network manager is responsible and authorized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for accessing network device data through user profiles. User profiles may be created by network administrators, and the corresponding user profile data may be stored in a central network management system (NMS) database. When a user requests data from a particular network device, the NMS utilizes the user profile data in the central database to access the network device and retrieve the required network device data. Since the user profile data is stored in a central database, the user may log into the NMS from any location and connect to any network device in the network. Further, the user profile data may be used to limit which network devices and which network device configured resources the user may access as well as the user's access level.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for authenticating the identities of network devices within a telecommunications network. In particular, multiple identifiers associated with a network device are retrieved from and used to identify the network device. Use of multiple identifiers provides fault tolerance and supports full modularity of hardware within a network device. Authenticating the identity of a network device through multiple identifiers allows for the possibility that hardware associated with one or more of the identifiers may be removed from the network device. For example, a network device may still be automatically authenticated even if more than one card within the device are removed as long as at least one card corresponding to an identifier being used for authentication is within the device during authentication.

Abstract: The present invention provides a management system internal to a network device that sends various management data files and corresponding metadata files to a management system external to the network device. The external management system then uses the metadata files to process the management data files. As a result, the external management system dynamically learns how to manage a network device through the metadata files. Moreover, new types of management data files—perhaps corresponding to new hardware within the network device—may be sent from the internal management system to the external management system along with corresponding new metadata files and the external management system will be able to process the new management files without having to be re-booted or restarted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for internal network device dynamic health monitoring. To increase network device availability, internal network device evaluations of resource attributes are conducted against threshold expressions and network managers are notified of any threshold events to allow them to address issues before failures occur. Flexibility is added by allowing users to select between various predefined threshold expressions, and flexibility is further increased by allowing users to input new threshold expressions. The user provided threshold expressions are dynamically incorporated into the network device's threshold evaluations while the network device is running. Thus, network managers may change threshold expressions at any time in accordance with their needs. The types of threshold expressions that may be used are practically limitless and may include any operand and multiple variables, including the time of day.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for upgrading embedded configuration databases while a network device is operating and with minimal disruption to network device operation. While a network device is operating and using an embedded primary configuration database, an embedded backup configuration database stops performing as a backup database and is upgraded. The upgraded configuration database is then switched over to become the primary configuration database. The original primary configuration database may immediately become the backup configuration database, or the original primary configuration database may remain unchanged until the upgrade is committed. If the upgrade is not committed, for example, due to errors, then the original primary configuration database may be quickly switched over to again become the primary configuration database. As a result, embedded configuration databases may be upgraded while a network device is operating and with minimal disruption to network device operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of managing telecommunications networks through an Operations Support Services (OSS) client and templates. Using an OSS client and various provisioning templates a network manager may interactively provision network services in one or more network devices, in one or more networks, through one or more network management systems. A network manager may interactively establish connections between an OSS client and an NMS server and network device, or the network manager may employ a control template to non-interactively establish these connections. The client/server architecture allows network managers to access multiple different network management servers through multiple OSS clients, and an OSS client may be downloaded from a web accessible server to provide “manage anywhere” flexibility.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for implementing distributed user management information in telecommunications networks. At least a portion of a user's management information is stored in a team session file that is accessible by a network management system (NMS) client. For example, the team session file may be saved in memory that is local to the NMS client or, if a user logs in through a remote system using a web browser, the team session file may be saved as a cookie in memory local to the remote system. The NMS client may then utilize the user management information in the team session file while the user is logged into the NMS client. In one embodiment, the user management information stored within the team session file includes NMS server connection information. Thus, when a user logs into an NMS client, the NMS client uses the NMS server connection information to connect to an NMS server.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for granular management of network resources by accessing network device resources through associated references. In one embodiment, the references are group names, and one or more resources (i.e., a resource collection) within each network device in a telecommunications network may be linked with one or more group names. Group names (or other types of references) may then be used to limit a user's access to particular network device resources. That is, a user may only have access to those resources associated with group names to which the user has access. Over time, network device resources may be associated or disassociated with particular group names. As a result, group names provide users with dynamic access to network device resources. In one embodiment, the groups to which a user has access are defined within a user profile associated with the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for tracking distributed statistical data retrieval in a network device. Periodically, statistical data is gathered by processes on one or more remote cards in a network device and transferred to a central process. The distributed processes register each different type of statistical data to be gathered with the central process allowing the central process to maintain an accurate inventory of distributed processes expected to send particular statistical data. Tracking statistical data gathering processes allows the central process to consistently report data while allowing each process to remain modular. In addition, tracking increases a network device's scalability. For example, new processes may be added to a network device without affecting existing processes. Moreover, tracking increases a network device's availability.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for operating a computer system that call for executing a plurality of modular processes, providing a data file for use by the plurality of the processes, and incorporating a view identification within each of the plurality of processes to define data accessible by each process within the data file. The processes can include, for example, two identical processes that are executed simultaneously to access the same data within the data file in accordance with the same incorporated view identification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for improving management and network availability by providing out-of-band management channels between network/element management system (NMS) clients and servers. High priority client requests and server notifications may be sent over the out-of-band management channels to ensure fast response times. In addition, periodic roll calls between NMS clients and NMS servers may be executed over the out-of-band management channels to allow for quick discovery of any disconnects and reclaiming associated client resources. Further, periodic roll calls may be conducted between the NMS servers and the network devices to which they are connected, and if a server discovers that a network device has gone down, it may send a high priority notification to appropriate NMS clients over the out-of-band management channels to ensure a fast response by the clients.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for viewing a configuration of a computer network by polling a plurality of switches and routers present in the network to obtain copies of information stored in databases on the switches and routers. The present invention determines from this combined database is the status of the links, switches and routers, as well as uses software tools to determine the status of the network and its devices. The devices are then graphically displayed according to physical connectivity and status. Each status being displayed differently.