Abstract: A detection system assesses whether a person viewed by a computer-based system is a live person or not. The system has an interface configured to receive a video stream; a word, letter, character or digit generator subsystem configured to generate and output one or more words, letters, characters or digits to an end-user; and a computer vision subsystem. The computer vision subsystem is configured to analyse the video stream received, and to determine, using a lip reading or viseme processing subsystem, if the end-user has spoken or mimed the or each word, letter, character or digit, and to output a confidence score that the end-user is a “live” person or not.

Abstract: Technology for a wireless underground communication system is disclosed. The wireless underground communication system can include a multi radio directional router (MRDR). The MRDR can include a dedicated in-by transceiver Wi-Fi node, and the dedicated in-by transceiver Wi-Fi node can be assigned a first unique IP address. The MRDR can include a dedicated out-by transceiver Wi-Fi node, and the dedicated out-by transceiver Wi-Fi node can be assigned a second unique IP address. The wireless underground communication system can include a routing module configured to route data between a plurality of MRDRs based on one or more of Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) or Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), using the dedicated in-by transceiver Wi-Fi node and the dedicated out-by transceiver Wi-Fi node.