Abstract: Mechanisms for implementing a billing process between a first Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN1) and a second Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN2) for a subscriber of the PLMN1 that visits the PLMN2. A method comprises establishing a smart contract between the PLMN1, the PLMN2, and a Data Clearance House (DCH). The method comprises sending a subscriber usage record, represented by a distributed ledger, of the subscriber from the PLMN2 to the DCH using a blockchain upon the subscriber having visited the PLMN2, wherein the blockchain is based on the smart contract. The method comprises sending the subscriber usage record from the DCH to the PLMN1 using the blockchain.

Abstract: Mechanisms for implementing a billing process between a first Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN1) and a second Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN2) for a subscriber of the PLMN1 that visits the PLMN2. A method comprises establishing a smart contract between the PLMN1, the PLMN2, and a Data Clearance House (DCH). The method comprises sending a subscriber usage record, represented by a distributed ledger, of the subscriber from the PLMN2 to the DCH using a blockchain upon the subscriber having visited the PLMN2, wherein the blockchain is based on the smart contract. The method comprises sending the subscriber usage record from the DCH to the PLMN1 using the blockchain.

Abstract: A method for payment transaction handling in a radio communication network is presented. The method is performed in a billing support node. The method includes receiving a payment indication from a third party node of a plurality of predefined third party nodes, generating a cryptographic key by combining a plurality of different identifiers identified in the received payment indication, and checking if the generated cryptographic key is new or already known in the billing support node. When the generated cryptographic key is new the method includes storing a backup of the payment indication in a blockchain, and setting a transaction state of the payment indication to indicate a new transaction. When the generated cryptographic key is already known the method includes rejecting the payment indication. A billing support node, a computer program and a computer program product for payment transaction handling in a radio communication network are also presented.