Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: A system and method comprising, sharing information between a plurality of participants in a collaboration; and exposing a set of functions that enable a participant in the plurality of participants to share the information, the set of functions comprising: first functions to facilitate establishing a context in which to interact with the plurality of participants; and second functions to facilitate storing and retrieving values from a shared state, wherein the shared state is accessible within the context.

Abstract: A system and method comprising, sharing information between a plurality of participants in a collaboration; and exposing a set of functions that enable a participant in the plurality of participants to share the information, the set of functions comprising: first functions to facilitate establishing a context in which to interact with the plurality of participants; and second functions to facilitate storing and retrieving values from a shared state, wherein the shared state is accessible within the context.

Abstract: A method for rendering a graphical user interface (GUI), comprising providing for the representation of the GUI as a set of objects wherein the objects are organized in a logical hierarchy, associating a theme with a first object in the set of objects, rendering the first object according to the theme, rendering any descendents of the first object according to the theme, wherein any descendents of the first object can override the theme, and wherein one of the set of objects can communicate with another of the set of objects.

Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: A method for accepting a request, comprising mapping the request to a control tree factory, generating a control tree from the factory based on the request wherein the control tree can include at least one control, advancing the control tree through at least one lifecycle stage based on the request, generating a response wherein the response can be used to render at least a portion of a graphical user interface (GUI), and wherein the at least one control can represent a graphical element of the GUI.

Abstract: A system and method for accepting a communication, comprising providing the communication to a controller, associating a model with said communication, determining a state of the model based on said communication, providing a view based on the state of the model, and wherein the view is a page in a page group.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamically binding a user interface to information, comprising specifying with a first language a first action; specifying with a second language a first data source associated with the first action; rendering output with a third language based at least partially on the first action; wherein the second language is embedded in the first language; and wherein the first action can set or get the first data source.

Abstract: A method for navigating a graphical user interface (GUI) having at least one page, comprising providing a first booklet, wherein user interaction with the first booklet can cause the GUI to navigate to a new page; providing a request based on user interaction with the first booklet; mapping the request to a control tree factory; generating a control tree from the factory based on the request wherein the control tree includes a booklet control corresponding to the first booklet; advancing the control tree through at least one lifecycle stage based on the request; and generating a response wherein the response can be used to render the new page.

Abstract: A system and method for building a representation of a graphical user interface (GUI), comprising generating a class, generating a first representation of the GUI, wherein the class can produce a second representation GUI based on the first representation, generating a second representation of the GUI from the class, wherein the second representation includes at least one control, and wherein the first representation can include at least one of hierarchical relationships among controls, control properties, and control event information.

Abstract: A community enables user membership in a distributed collaborative computing environment. The members can have access to a repository of resources. Dynamic notifications between client and server can be provided. A member can be logged onto a client which pings the server computer through no interaction of the user. A notifications manager located on the server can retrieve updates available for the member in response to each ping. The notifications manager can look up any changes to the resources that the member has subscribed to. The server can subsequently notify the client of the available updates. The client's user interface can be updated to reflect the relevant changes. A dynamic and granular interaction between the server and the client can be enabled instead of updating the entire portal page. Each ping can carry an id of the member and community, which the server can use to determine the relevant updates.

Abstract: A personalization system that uses rules to adjudicate and characterize a customer, or a customer's actions, and then to personalize a business function, such as a displayed page, based on the outcome of those rules. In one embodiment the invention provides a system for web-based personalization, that allows for personalizing the content or business functioning of a web-based application to reflect the characteristics of a particular user. The system comprises a user profiler, for determining a snapshot of a particular user of a web-based application, a rules editor for inputting a set of rules governing the business functioning of said web-based application, and a rules engine. The system then uses the set of rules to make decisions about the particular user and the business functioning of said web-based application, and to determine the content or business functioning of said web-based application as it applies to that user.

Abstract: A method for navigating a graphical user interface (GUI) having at least one page, comprising providing a first booklet, wherein user interaction with the first booklet can cause the GUI to navigate to a new page; providing a request based on user interaction with the first booklet; mapping the request to a control tree factory; generating a control tree from the factory based on the request wherein the control tree includes a booklet control corresponding to the first booklet; advancing the control tree through at least one lifecycle stage based on the request; and generating a response wherein the response can be used to render the new page.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamically binding a user interface to information, comprising specifying with a first language a first action; specifying with a second language a first data source associated with the first action; rendering output with a third language based at least partially on the first action; wherein the second language is embedded in the first language; and wherein the first action can set or get the first data source.

Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: A type system includes a dual representation for basic data types. One representation is the basic data type representation common to such basic built-in data types, known as an unboxed value type or simply as a value type. Each of the basic data types also has a boxed representation that can be stored in the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation can also be extended to user-defined types, so that user-defined types may exist both as an unboxed value type and as an object within the object hierarchy of the type system. This dual representation allows the compiler and/or runtime environment to select the most effective and efficient representation for the data type depending on the particular need at the moment.

Abstract: The invention utilizes a personalization system that uses rules to adjudicate and characterize a customer, or a customer's actions, and then to personalize a business function, such as a displayed page, based on the outcome of those rules.