Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing independent time in a hosted operating environment are disclosed. The hosted, or guest, operating environment, can be seeded with a guest time value by a guest operating environment manager that maintains a time delta between a host clock time and an enterprise time. The guest operating environment can subsequently manage its guest clock from the guest time value. If the guest operating environment is halted, the guest operating environment manager can manage correspondence between the host clock time and the enterprise time by periodically assessing divergence between actual and expected values of the host clock time.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing independent time in a hosted operating environment are disclosed. The hosted, or guest, operating environment, can be seeded with a guest time value by a guest operating environment manager that maintains a time delta between a host clock time and an enterprise time. The guest operating environment can subsequently manage its guest clock from the guest time value. If the guest operating environment is halted, the guest operating environment manager can manage correspondence between the host clock time and the enterprise time by periodically assessing divergence between actual and expected values of the host clock time.

Abstract: A method (50) of fabricating a microscopically dense amorphous carbon material for use as an electrode (20) in an electrochemical cell (10) includes the steps of mixing a lignin material with a matrix-enhancing salt, and subsequently heating (72) the mixture.