Abstract: A solid-state battery cell includes an anode electrode comprising an anode current collector, anode active material, a solid electrolyte, and a gel polymer electrolyte. A cathode electrode comprises a cathode current collector, a cathode active material, a solid electrolyte, and the gel polymer electrolyte. A separator layer comprises the gel polymer electrolyte and a solid electrolyte composite including a solid electrolyte coating arranged on an outer surface of an oxide core.

Abstract: A battery includes: a positive output terminal; a negative output terminal; a first battery module that is connected to the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal and that includes: a first string of first and second types of battery cells that are electrically connected in series, where the first type is different than the second type; and a second battery module that is electrically connected in parallel with the first battery module and that includes: a second string of the first and second types of battery cells that are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: A solid-state battery cell includes an anode electrode comprising an anode current collector and an anode coating. A cathode electrode comprises a cathode current collector and a cathode coating, wherein the anode electrode and the cathode electrode exchange lithium ions. A separator layer is arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. A first capacitor electrode is arranged at least one of between the anode coating and a first side of the separator layer, between the anode coating and the anode current collector, between a second side of the separator layer and the cathode coating, and between the cathode coating and the cathode current collector.

Abstract: A method for preparing an electrolyte layer supported by a dry process electrode layer, the method includes providing a sulfide electrolyte layer; providing a first dry process electrode layer; arranging a first side of the sulfide electrolyte layer adjacent to a first side of the first dry process electrode layer; and calendaring the sulfide electrolyte layer and the first dry process electrode layer to reduce a thickness of the sulfide electrolyte layer to a predetermined thickness in a range from approximately 5 micrometers (?m) to approximately 50 ?m.

Abstract: An electrode for a lithium-ion battery cell includes a first region having a first thickness and including an active material comprising a first wt % of the first region and a solid electrolyte comprising a second wt % of the first region. A second region has a second thickness and includes the active material comprising a third wt % of the second region and the solid electrolyte comprising a fourth wt % of the second region. The first region and the second region are arranged adjacent to one another. The first wt % is greater than the third wt % and the second wt % is less than the fourth wt %.

Abstract: A functionalized separator for a battery cell includes a separator layer including a first side and a second side. A functionalized layer is arranged on at least one of the first side and the second side of the separator layer. The functionalized layer comprises a lithium-ion conducting solid electrolyte and a capacitor active material.

Abstract: A bipolar battery system includes N battery cells. Each of the N battery cells comprises M cores each comprising a first current collector, cathode active material, a separator, anode active material, and a second current collector, where M is an integer greater than one. The M cores are connected in parallel by connecting the first current collectors of the M cores in each of the N battery cells together and by connecting the second current collectors of the M cores in each of the N battery cells together. N-1 clad plates are arranged between adjacent ones of the N battery cells and the N battery cells are connected in series by the N-1 clad plates. A voltage sensing system connects to the N-1 tabs, a first terminal, and a second terminal and is configured to determine N voltages across the N battery cells, respectively.

Abstract: A battery cell including an anode electrode layer including an anode active material. A cathode electrode layer comprises cathode active material. A solid electrolyte layer is arranged between the anode electrode layer and the cathode electrode layer. An elastomeric layer is arranged between the anode electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A state of charge (SOC) balancing system includes: first and second batteries; first and second capacitors; an SOC module configured to determine first and second SOCs of the first and second batteries, respectively; and a switching module configured to selectively, when the first SOC is greater than the second SOC: (i) electrically connect the first and second capacitors in parallel; (ii) electrically connect the first battery to the first and second capacitors while the first and second capacitors are electrically connected in parallel; (iii) electrically disconnect the first battery from the first and second capacitors; (iv) electrically connect the first and second capacitors in series; (v) electrically connect the second battery to the first and second capacitors while the first and second capacitors are electrically connected in series; and (vi) electrically disconnect the second battery from the first and second capacitors.

Abstract: A modular bipolar solid-state battery includes T solid-state battery modules, where T is an integer greater than one. Each of the T solid-state battery modules includes an enclosure, a first terminal arranged on a first side of the enclosure, a second terminal arranged on a second side of the enclosure opposite to the first side of the enclosure, and N solid-state battery cells arranged and interconnected in the enclosure, where N is an integer greater than one. The T solid-state battery modules are connected in at least one of series and parallel. A positive terminal of the modular bipolar solid-state battery is connected to at least one of the T solid-state battery modules. A negative terminal of the modular bipolar solid-state battery is connected to at least another one of the T solid-state battery modules.

Abstract: A vehicle system is provided and includes a modular dynamically allocated capacity storage system (MODACS) and an active management module. The MODACS includes blocks of cells. The active management module is configured to: detect a first state of a first block of cells of the blocks of cells; determine whether a safety fault condition exists with the first block of cells based on the first state of the first block of cells; in response to detecting existence of the safety fault condition, isolate the first block of cells from other ones of the blocks of cells; subsequent to isolating the first block of cells, actively discharge and detect a second state of the first block of cells; and based on the second state, continue isolating the first block of cells or reconnecting the first block of cells such that the first block of cells is no longer isolated.

Abstract: A battery module includes C battery cells, wherein each of the C battery cells comprises a housing and a terminals extending from the housing. T thermal interlayer devices are arranged between adjacent ones of the C battery cells. C and T are integers greater than one. Each of the T thermal interlayer devices comprises a first thermally conducting layer in thermal communication with a first one of the C battery cells, a second thermally conducting layer in thermal communication with a second one of the C battery cells, and a thermally resistant layer arranged between the first thermally conducting layer and the second thermally conducting layer. A cooling manifold is in thermal communication with at least one of the first thermally conducting layer and the second thermally conducting layer.

Abstract: A battery maintenance system includes an enclosure including a plurality of walls. A plurality of battery cells are located in the enclosure and surrounded by electrolyte. An electrolyte agitator such as a piezoelectric device is attached to at least one of the walls of the enclosure and is configured to selectively agitate the electrolyte.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle includes: first and second positive terminals and a negative terminal; switches; at least three strings of battery cells, each of the strings configured to, at different times be: connected to the first positive terminal via first ones of the switches; connected to the second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: identify one of a short circuit and an over voltage condition in a first voltage bus; when the one of the short circuit and the over voltage condition is identified, identify N of the strings of battery cells with the N lowest state of health values; and control switching of the switches and connect the identified N strings of battery cells to the first voltage bus.

Abstract: A low-voltage mitigation and recovery system includes: an auxiliary power module that converts an output voltage of a power source of a vehicle to a charging voltage, the power source provides power to power a propulsion system of the vehicle; a contactor that supplies power from the power source to the auxiliary power module; a first control module that controls states of the auxiliary power module and the contactor. A second control module is integrated within a MODACS, monitors parameters of blocks of cells of the MODACS, and, based on at least one of the parameters: configures a switch network of the MODACS to disconnect a first set of blocks of the MODACS from loads and to connect or maintain connection of a second set of blocks of the MODACS to selected ones of the loads; and wakes up the first control module to jump start and recover the MODACS.

Abstract: A bipolar solid-state battery includes N solid-state battery cells. Each of the N solid-state battery cells includes M solid-state cores each comprising a first current collector, cathode active material, a separator, anode active material, and a second current collector, where N and M are integers greater than one. The M solid-state cores are connected in parallel by connecting the first current collectors of the M solid-state cores in each of the N solid-state battery cells together and by connecting the second current collectors of the M solid-state cores in each of the N solid-state battery cells together. N?1 clad plates including a first side made of a first material and a second side made of a second material. The N?1 clad plates are arranged between adjacent ones of the N solid-state battery cells and the N solid-state battery cells are connected in series by the N?1 clad plates.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to motion-generating particles for desulfation of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries including such motion-generating particles, and methods of making and using the same. For example, the present disclosure provides a lead-acid battery including one or more electroactive plates disposed within a casing; an electrolyte disposed within the casing and surrounding the electroactive plates; a plurality of ferromagnetic particles disposed with the electrolyte within the casing; and one or more electromagnets. The one or more electromagnets may be configured to direct a magnetic field towards the electrolyte to selectively cause movement of the plurality of ferromagnetic particles so as to agitate the electrolyte.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle includes: a first positive terminal, a second positive terminal, and a negative terminal; switches; at least two battery modules each including at least three strings of battery cells that are configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to the first positive terminal via first ones of the switches; connected in parallel and to the second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to, based on a derated state of the vehicle, adjust at least one of an upper limit for charging of the battery strings and a lower limit for discharging of the battery strings.

Abstract: A battery cell includes a plurality of cathodes and a plurality of anodes. A plurality of solid electrolyte layers are arranged between first adjacent ones of the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of anodes. A plurality of clad current collectors are arranged between second adjacent ones of the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of anodes. The plurality of clad current collector includes a first foil layer, a second foil layer and a thermal interface layer including adhesive and at least one material that increases thermal and electrical conductivity of the thermal interface layer.

Abstract: A battery cell comprises C electrodes each including a first current collector, first and second capacitive layers, and first and second active material layers. The first and second capacitive layers and the first and second active material layers are arranged on the first current collector. E anode electrodes include a second current collector and third and fourth active material layers arranged on the second current collector. E and C are integers greater than zero.