Abstract: The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a heat exchanger apparatus that includes a first fluid conduit defining a first fluid flow path for a first fluid and comprising a fluid diode that is at least partly fluidically diodic and formed of a thermally conductive material, the fluid diode having a first fluid inlet, a first fluid outlet, a first sub-conduit extending from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, and a second sub-conduit extending from the first sub-conduit proximal the fluid inlet to the first sub-conduit proximal the fluid outlet as a partial loop defining a cavity extending through the partial loop, and a second fluid conduit in thermal communication with the first fluid conduit and defining a second fluid flow path through the partial loop, fluidically isolated from the first fluid flow path, for a second fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing water device run time, transmitting this data via a network to a database which analyzes, records and reports the individual run times and the aggregate use over any given timeframe. Sensors used to measure device use time do not directly measure flow rate, and may sense device run time by sensing water flow, through electronic signals, vibration, etc. The sensors may be battery powered and transmit discrete data packets via radio frequency to powered node units. A system of node units communicates with a central internet gateway which uploads the data packets to a cloud-based database which organizes, analyzes, stores and reports the information. The system allocates the cost of water flowing through a common water meter to a plurality of individual units within a collection of geographically proximate units. The systems are useful in multi-unit buildings or complexes having stacked plumbing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing water device run time, transmitting this data via a network to a database which analyzes, records and reports the individual run times and the aggregate use over any given timeframe. Sensors used to measure device use time do not directly measure flow rate, and may sense device run time by sensing water flow, through electronic signals, vibration, etc. The sensors may be battery powered and transmit discrete data packets via radio frequency to powered node units. A system of node units communicates with a central internet gateway which uploads the data packets to a cloud-based database which organizes, analyzes, stores and reports the information. The system allocates the cost of water flowing through a common water meter to a plurality of individual units within a collection of geographically proximate units. The systems are useful in multi-unit buildings or complexes having stacked plumbing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing water device run time, transmitting this data via a network to a database which analyzes, records and reports the individual run times and the aggregate use over any given timeframe. Sensors used to measure device use time do not directly measure flow rate, and may sense device run time by sensing water flow, through electronic signals, vibration, etc. The sensors may be battery powered and transmit discrete data packets via radio frequency to powered node units. A system of node units communicates with a central internet gateway which uploads the data packets to a cloud-based database which organizes, analyzes, stores and reports the information. The system allocates the cost of water flowing through a common water meter to a plurality of individual units within a collection of geographically proximate units. The systems are useful in multi-unit buildings or complexes having stacked plumbing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing water device run time, transmitting this data via a network to a database which analyzes, records and reports the individual run times and the aggregate use over any given timeframe. Sensors used to measure device use time do not directly measure flow rate, and may sense device run time by sensing water flow, through electronic signals, vibration, etc. The sensors may be battery powered and transmit discrete data packets via radio frequency to powered node units. A system of node units communicates with a central internet gateway which uploads the data packets to a cloud-based database which organizes, analyzes, stores and reports the information. The system allocates the cost of water flowing through a common water meter to a plurality of individual units within a collection of geographically proximate units. The systems are useful in multi-unit buildings or complexes having stacked plumbing.

Abstract: In a method, system, and computer-readable medium having instructions for a reverse benefits designer, one or more objects available for creating a plan design framework are displayed in a graphical user interface, an indication of an object from the one or more objects selected for placement in a hierarchy of the plan design framework depicted on the graphical user interface is received, and data is stored in a repository for the plan design framework in accordance with the object placement.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing water device run time, transmitting this data via a network to a database which analyzes, records and reports the individual run times and the aggregate use over any given timeframe. Sensors used to measure device use time do not directly measure flow rate, and may sense device run time by sensing water flow, through electronic signals, vibration, etc. The sensors may be battery powered and transmit discrete data packets via radio frequency to powered node units. A system of node units communicates with a central internet gateway which uploads the data packets to a cloud-based database which organizes, analyzes, stores and reports the information. The system allocates the cost of water flowing through a common water meter to a plurality of individual units within a collection of geographically proximate units. The systems are useful in multi-unit buildings or complexes having stacked plumbing.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to providing an electronic presentation to both in-class attendees and remotely located out-of-class attendees, in which video and audio associated with the presentation is provided to the remote attendees, and out-of-class programmable systems are programmed to execute an educational exercise associated with the presentation and be remotely operated by the remote attendees.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to providing an electronic presentation to both in-class attendees and remotely located out-of-class attendees, in which video and audio associated with the presentation is provided to the remote attendees, and out-of-class programmable systems are programmed to execute an educational exercise associated with the presentation and be remotely operated by the remote attendees.

Abstract: A method of selecting a teaching point program in a three-dimensional graphical representation of a workcell includes the steps of generating the three-dimensional graphical representation of the workcell, calculating a three-dimensional boundary box for each teaching point program associated with the workcell, converting each boundary box to a two-dimensional boundary area, and recognizing which boundary areas overlap a selected area drawn over a two-dimensional display screen. Each boundary area that has been recognized as overlapping the selected area is identified to a user and presented in a list if multiple candidate boundary areas are recognized and identified. The user may then edit those teaching point programs identified as being associated with the selected area.

Abstract: In a method, system, and computer-readable medium having instructions for a reverse benefits designer, one or more objects available for creating a plan design framework are displayed in a graphical user interface, an indication of an object from the one or more objects selected for placement in a hierarchy of the plan design framework depicted on the graphical user interface is received, and data is stored in a repository for the plan design framework in accordance with the object placement.

Abstract: In a method, system, and computer-readable medium having instructions for a reverse benefits designer, one or more objects available for creating a plan design framework are displayed in a graphical user interface, an indication of an object from the one or more objects selected for placement in a hierarchy of the plan design framework depicted on the graphical user interface is received, and data is stored in a repository for the plan design framework in accordance with the object placement.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to providing an electronic presentation to both in-class attendees and remotely located out-of-class attendees, in which video and audio associated with the presentation is provided to the remote attendees, and out-of-class programmable systems are programmed to execute an educational exercise associated with the presentation and be remotely operated by the remote attendees.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to providing an electronic presentation to both in-class attendees and remotely located out-of-class attendees, in which video and audio associated with the presentation is provided to the remote attendees, and out-of-class programmable systems are programmed to execute an educational exercise associated with the presentation and be remotely operated by the remote attendees.

Abstract: A method of selecting a teaching point program in a three-dimensional graphical representation of a workcell includes the steps of generating the three-dimensional graphical representation of the workcell, calculating a three-dimensional boundary box for each teaching point program associated with the workcell, converting each boundary box to a two-dimensional boundary area, and recognizing which boundary areas overlap a selected area drawn over a two-dimensional display screen. Each boundary area that has been recognized as overlapping the selected area is identified to a user and presented in a list if multiple candidate boundary areas are recognized and identified. The user may then edit those teaching point programs identified as being associated with the selected area.

Abstract: In a method, system, and computer-readable medium having instructions for a reverse benefits designer, one or more objects available for creating a plan design framework are displayed in a graphical user interface, an indication of an object from the one or more objects selected for placement in a hierarchy of the plan design framework depicted on the graphical user interface is received, and data is stored in a repository for the plan design framework in accordance with the object placement.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to providing an electronic presentation to both in-class attendees and remotely located out-of-class attendees, in which video and audio associated with the presentation is provided to the remote attendees, and out-of-class programmable systems are programmed to execute an educational exercise associated with the presentation and be remotely operated by the remote attendees.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing scalability and fault tolerance to a distributed network. According to one embodiment of the invention, a network management system comprises a set of one or more element management servers. One of the plurality of element management servers is designated as a master server. The master server determines which of the plurality of element management servers are to manage each of a set of one or more network elements. In one embodiment, peered and federated services are used within the network management system to provide scalability and fault tolerance.

Abstract: A conveyor oven for cooking food items, having a conveyor belt that passes through the oven. The conveyor belt may include a plurality of tablets composed of a stone-like material attached to a stainless steel linking assembly, or alternatively, a drive chain. Infrared radiation heat sources are provided above and below the conveyor belt. Food passing through the oven on the conveyor belt is cooked by heat transferred directly from radiant heat sources. Cooking is also facilitated by heating stone-like tablets of the conveyor belt with infrared heat sources inserted inside the conveyor belt loop. Heat is transferred from the tablets to the food items, producing superior qualities in the cooked food. Waste heat is reduced by providing a means for automatic control of the heating elements.