Abstract: A display system is provided for a vehicle. The system includes a first data source configured to provide low resolution terrain data; a second data source configured to provide high resolution terrain data; a processing unit coupled to the first data source and the second data source, the processing unit configured to receive the low resolution terrain data and high resolution terrain data, to integrate the low resolution terrain data and the high resolution terrain data into a common three-dimensional view that includes graphical elements representing both the low and the high resolution terrain data, and to supply display commands associated with the low and the high resolution terrain data; and a display device coupled to the processing unit and configured to receive the display commands and operable to render the common three-dimensional view to thereby allow simultaneous viewing of the low and the high resolution terrain data.

Abstract: A display system is provided for a vehicle. The display system includes a data source configured to provide terrain data with detached objects that are detached from ground terrain and attached objects that are attached to ground terrain; a processing unit coupled to the data source configured to receive the terrain data and to distinguish the detached objects from the attached objects to generate display commands for a three-dimensional view that comprises graphical elements representing both the detached objects and the attached objects; and a display device coupled to the processing unit and configured to receive the display commands and operable to render the common three-dimensional view to thereby allow viewing of the detached objects and the attached objects.

Abstract: A display system is provided for a vehicle. The display system includes a data source configured to provide terrain data with detached objects that are detached from ground terrain and attached objects that are attached to ground terrain; a processing unit coupled to the data source configured to receive the terrain data and to distinguish the detached objects from the attached objects to generate display commands for a three-dimensional view that comprises graphical elements representing both the detached objects and the attached objects; and a display device coupled to the processing unit and configured to receive the display commands and operable to render the common three-dimensional view to thereby allow viewing of the detached objects and the attached objects.

Abstract: Anchor apparatus for a flexible and resilient clear orthodontic appliance constructed to be removably fitted over the teeth of a user by friction in a predetermined position. One or more first anchor devices are secured to the bone in the mouth of the user in a position to be adjacent to the orthodontic appliance when fitted over the teeth. The orthodontic appliance is constructed to removably engage the first anchor device or devices when the orthodontic appliance is fitted on the teeth in the predetermined position to removably secure the orthodontic device in the predetermined position. The orthodontic appliance may comprise one or more second anchor devices mounted thereon for removable engagement with the first anchor devices. The first and second anchor devices comprise female recessed portions or male heads that are complementary in shape to facilitate the removable engagement thereof.

Abstract: A display system is provided for a vehicle. The system includes a first data source configured to provide low resolution terrain data; a second data source configured to provide high resolution terrain data; a processing unit coupled to the first data source and the second data source, the processing unit configured to receive the low resolution terrain data and high resolution terrain data, to integrate the low resolution terrain data and the high resolution terrain data into a common three-dimensional view that includes graphical elements representing both the low and the high resolution terrain data, and to supply display commands associated with the low and the high resolution terrain data; and a display device coupled to the processing unit and configured to receive the display commands and operable to render the common three-dimensional view to thereby allow simultaneous viewing of the low and the high resolution terrain data.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are described that facilitate the transmission of image data collected by a sensor within a gimbal assembly. A gimbal assembly includes one or more sensors positioned within the gimbal assembly. The one or more sensors collect data. The gimbal assembly is controllable to aim the one or more sensors. The gimbal assembly further includes a communications module within the gimbal assembly. The communications module transmits at least one directional optical signal to communicate data collected by the sensor. At least one transducer is positioned to receive the at least one directional electromagnetic signal.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are described that facilitate the transmission of image data collected by a sensor within a gimbal assembly. A gimbal assembly includes one or more sensors positioned within the gimbal assembly. The one or more sensors collect data. The gimbal assembly is controllable to aim the one or more sensors. The gimbal assembly further includes a communications module within the gimbal assembly. The communications module transmits at least one directional optical signal to communicate data collected by the sensor. At least one transducer is positioned to receive the at least one directional electromagnetic signal.

Abstract: Anchor apparatus for orthodontic appliances for moving a molar or the like. A first anchor is attached to the cortical bone adjacent to one side of the molar. The first anchor is elongated and has an outer head portion for attachment to an orthodontic appliance, and an inner threaded portion in engagement with the cortical bone. A second anchor is disposed on the side of the molar opposite to the one side. The second anchor has an outer head portion for attachment to an orthodontic appliance and is attached to the first anchor. The second anchor also may have an inner threaded portion in engagement with the cortical bone. The first and second anchors are substantially longitudinally aligned with each other to minimize the space taken up by the anchors adjacent to the molar.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for anchoring orthodontic appliances or the like in the mouth wherein anchor screws of different constructions are installed in the bone in different areas of the mouth to insure adequate bone contact and retention. Each of the anchor screws has a threaded portion and a washer portion at the outer end of the threaded portion which is of sufficient width to engage the adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone to provide lateral support for the threaded portion. In some cases, the threaded portion is provided with threads of different sizes and the washer portion is provided with an exterior thread for cutting through gum tissue to enable the washer portion to engage the underlying adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone. Each anchor screw is provided with a lateral bore at the outer end thereof for receiving a ligature or the like therethrough to prevent the anchor screw from falling in the mouth.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for anchoring orthodontic appliances or the like in the mouth wherein anchor screws of different constructions are installed in the bone in different areas of the mouth to insure adequate bone contact and retention. Each of the anchor screws has a threaded portion and a washer portion at the outer end of the threaded portion which is of sufficient width to engage the adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone to provide lateral support for the threaded portion. In some cases, the threaded portion is provided with threads of different sizes and the washer portion is provided with an exterior thread for cutting through gum tissue to enable the washer portion to engage the underlying adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone. Each anchor screw is provided with a lateral bore at the outer end thereof for receiving a ligature or the like therethrough to prevent the anchor screw from falling in the mouth.

Abstract: Anchor apparatus for a flexible and resilient clear orthodontic appliance constructed to be removably fitted over the teeth of a user by friction in a predetermined position. One or more first anchor devices are secured to the bone in the mouth of the user in a position to be adjacent to the orthodontic appliance when fitted over the teeth. The orthodontic appliance is constructed to removably engage the first anchor device or devices when the orthodontic appliance is fitted on the teeth in the predetermined position to removably secure the orthodontic device in the predetermined position. The orthodontic appliance may comprise one or more second anchor devices mounted thereon for removable engagement with the first anchor devices. The first and second anchor devices comprise female recessed portions or male heads that are complementary in shape to facilitate the removable engagement thereof.

Abstract: Anchor apparatus for orthodontic appliances for moving a molar or the like. A first anchor is attached to the cortical bone adjacent to one side of the molar. The first anchor is elongated and comprises an outer head portion for attachment to an orthodontic appliance, and an inner threaded portion in engagement with the cortical bone. A second anchor is disposed on the side of the molar opposite to the one side. In one embodiment, the second anchor comprises an outer head portion for attachment to an orthodontic appliance and is attached to the first anchor. In a second embodiment, the second anchor also comprises an inner threaded portion in engagement with the cortical bone. The inner threaded portion of the second anchor may be threadably or slidably received within the inner threaded portion of the first anchor. The first and second anchors are substantially longitudinally aligned with each other to minimize the space taken up by the anchors adjacent to the molar.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for anchoring orthodontic appliances or the like in the mouth wherein anchor screws of different constructions are installed in the bone in different areas of the mouth to insure adequate bone contact and retention. Each of the anchor screws has a threaded portion and a washer portion at the outer end of the threaded portion which is of sufficient width to engage the adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone to provide lateral support for the threaded portion. In some cases, the threaded portion is provided with threads of different sizes and the washer portion is provided with an exterior thread for cutting through gum tissue to enable the washer portion to engage the underlying adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone. Each anchor screw is provided with a lateral bore at the outer end thereof for receiving a ligature or the like therethrough to prevent the anchor screw from falling in the mouth.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process for recovering copper and/or other metal values from a metal-bearing ore, concentrate, or other metal-bearing material using pressure leaching and direct electrowinning. More particularly, the present invention relates to a substantially acid-autogenous process for recovering copper from chalcopyrite-containing ore using pressure leaching and direct electrowinning in combination with a leaching, solvent/solution extraction and electrowinning operation. In accordance with one aspect of the process, at least a portion of the residue from the pressure leaching operation is directed to a heap, stockpile or other leaching operation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for recovering metal values from metal-bearing materials. During a reactive process, a seeding agent is introduced to provide a nucleation site for the crystallization and/or growth of solid species which otherwise tend to passivate the reactive process or otherwise encapsulate the metal value, thereby reducing the amount of desired metal values partially or completely encapsulated by such material. The seeding agent may be generated in a number of ways, including the recycling of residue or the introduction of foreign substances. Systems embodying aspects of the present invention may be beneficial for recovering a variety of metals such as copper, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, rhenium, uranium, rare earth metals, and platinum group metals from any metal-bearing material, such as ores and concentrates.

Abstract: A method for recovering copper from a copper-containing ore, concentrate, or other copper-bearing material to produce high quality cathode copper from a leach solution without the use of copper solvent extraction techniques or apparatus. A method for recovering copper from a copper-containing ore generally includes the steps of providing a feed stream containing comminuted copper-containing ore, concentrate, or other copper-bearing material, leaching the feed stream to yield a copper-containing solution, conditioning the copper-containing solution through one or more physical or chemical conditioning steps, and electrowinning copper directly from the copper-containing solution, without subjecting the copper-containing solution to solvent extraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process for the production of sulfuric acid and liberation of precious metal values from materials containing sulfur through pressure leaching operations. In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, the sulfur-bearing materials may comprise residues from pressure leaching operations, such as those carried out at medium temperatures. The process of the present invention can be advantageously used to convert such sulfur-bearing materials to sulfuric acid by means of pressure leaching. The sulfuric acid so produced can be used beneficially in other mineral processing operations, for example those at the site where it is produced. Metals, such as precious metals, that are contained within the sulfur-bearing materials advantageously may be recovered from processing products by established precious metals recovery technology.

Abstract: A system and process for recovering copper from a copper-containing ore, concentrate, or other copper-bearing material to produce high quality cathode copper from a leach solution without the use of copper solvent/solution extraction techniques or apparatus. A process for recovering copper from a copper-containing ore generally includes the steps of providing a feed stream containing comminuted copper-containing ore, concentrate, or other copper-bearing material, leaching the feed stream to yield a copper-containing solution, conditioning the copper-containing solution through one or more physical or chemical conditioning steps, and electrowinning copper directly from the copper-containing solution in multiple electrowinning stages, without subjecting the copper-containing solution to solvent/solution extraction prior to electrowinning.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process for recovering copper and/or other metal values from a metal-bearing ore, concentrate, or other metal-bearing material using pressure leaching and direct electrowinning. More particularly, the present invention relates to a substantially acid-autogenous process for recovering copper from chalcopyrite-containing ore using pressure leaching and direct electrowinning in combination with a leaching, solvent/solution extraction and electrowinning operation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for recovering metal values from metal-bearing materials. During a reactive process, a seeding agent is introduced to provide a nucleation site for the crystallization and/or growth of solid species which otherwise tend to passivate the reactive process or otherwise encapsulate the metal value, thereby reducing the amount of desired metal values partially or completely encapsulated by such material. The seeding agent may be generated in a number of ways, including the recycling of residue or the introduction of foreign substances. Systems embodying aspects of the present invention may be beneficial for recovering a variety of metals such as copper, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, rhenium, uranium, rare earth metals, and platinum group metals from any metal-bearing material, such as ores and concentrates.