Abstract: An apparatus, including: a probe to interface with a surface of a tissue; a light source optically coupled to the probe, the light source directing light of at least 1000 nm into the tissue; a detector optically coupled to the probe, the detector to detect light based on scattering of light from the light source in the tissue, and the detector having a light sensitivity in a range of at least 1000 nm; a processor coupled to the detector, the processor to: receive a signal from the detector corresponding to the detected light from the light source, and determine a blood flow measurement from the region of interest using diffuse correlation spectroscopy based on the signal.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasively estimating an absolute blood flow of a vascular region in a subject using optical data are provided. In some aspects, the method includes acquiring optical data from the vascular region using one or more optical sensors placed about the subject, and determining, using the optical data, an index of blood flow and a blood volume associated with the vascular region. The method also includes computing a blood inflow and a blood outflow using the index of blood flow and the blood volume, and estimating an absolute blood flow using the blood inflow and blood outflow. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the absolute blood flow of the vascular region.

Abstract: Systems and methods for path length selected diffuse correlation spectroscopy (PLS-DCS) are disclosed. The systems and methods are suitable for measuring dynamics of a target medium. The systems and methods can utilize light sources having a coherence length that is shorter than a path length distribution of the target medium and can utilize a reference optical path to interferometrically detect PLS-DCS signals. The coherence length and reference path length can be selected to provide sensitivity to portions of the target medium that correspond to a desired path length distribution.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for performing trans-abdominal fetal oximetry and/or trans-abdominal fetal pulse oximetry using physiological characteristics and/or a calibration factor may receive a physiological characteristic of a pregnant mammal and determine one or more potential impact(s) of the physiological characteristic on a behavior of an optical signal projected into the abdomen of the pregnant mammal Then a calibration factor for the optical signal responsively to the impact. The calibration factor may then be used to calibrate a fetal detected electronic signal so that a level of fetal hemoglobin oxygen saturation may be determined.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasively estimating an absolute blood flow of a vascular region in a subject using optical data are provided. In some aspects, the method includes acquiring optical data from the vascular region using one or more optical sensors placed about the subject, and determining, using the optical data, an index of blood flow and a blood volume associated with the vascular region. The method also includes computing a blood inflow and a blood outflow using the index of blood flow and the blood volume, and estimating an absolute blood flow using the blood inflow and blood outflow. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the absolute blood flow of the vascular region.

Abstract: Systems and methods for path length selected diffuse correlation spectroscopy (PLS-DCS) are disclosed. The systems and methods are suitable for measuring dynamics of a target medium. The systems and methods can utilize light sources having a coherence length that is shorter than a path length distribution of the target medium and can utilize a reference optical path to interferometrically detect PLS-DCS signals. The coherence length and reference path length can be selected to provide sensitivity to portions of the target medium that correspond to a desired path length distribution.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasively estimating an absolute blood flow of a vascular region in a subject using optical data are provided. In some aspects, the method includes acquiring optical data from the vascular region using one or more optical sensors placed about the subject, and determining, using the optical data, an index of blood flow and. a blood volume associated with the vascular region. The method also includes computing a blood inflow and a blood outflow using the index of blood flow and the blood volume, and estimating an absolute blood flow using the blood inflow and blood outflow. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the absolute blood flow of the vascular region.

Abstract: Fetal tissue oxygenation may be performed transabdominally by, for example, receiving a plurality of detected electronic signals that correspond to light emitted from a pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus contained therein that has been detected by the detector and converted into the detected electronic signal. An indication of a depth of the fetus within the pregnant mammal's abdomen may be received and a portion of the detected electronic signals that correspond to light that was incident upon the fetus may be isolated responsively to the indication of the depth of the fetus using, for example, time of flight of photons that correspond to the detected electronic signals. A fetal tissue oxygen saturation level may then be determined using the isolated portion of the detected electronic signals that correspond to light that was incident upon the fetus.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasively monitoring intracranial pressure are provided. In some aspects, the method comprises acquiring diffuse correlation spectroscopy data at a temporal resolution greater than a pulsatile frequency of cerebral blood flow of a subject using one or more optical sensors placed about a subject, and determining a pulsatile cerebral blood flow using the acquired data, The method also includes correlating the determined pulsatile cerebral blood flow with physiological data acquired from the subject, and estimating an intracranial pressure based on the correlation. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the estimated intracranial pressure.

Abstract: Fetal tissue oxygenation may be performed transabdominally by, for example, receiving a plurality of detected electronic signals that correspond to light emitted from a pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus contained therein that has been detected by the detector and converted into the detected electronic signal. An indication of a depth of the fetus within the pregnant mammal's abdomen may be received and a portion of the detected electronic signals that correspond to light that was incident upon the fetus may be isolated responsively to the indication of the depth of the fetus using, for example, time of flight of photons that correspond to the detected electronic signals. A fetal tissue oxygen saturation level may then be determined using the isolated portion of the detected electronic signals that correspond to light that was incident upon the fetus.

Abstract: There is provided herewith an apparatus, probe, and method for the combination of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). The apparatus, probe and method allow for the simultaneous detection of NIRS and DCS.

Abstract: An apparatus, including: a probe to interface with a surface of a tissue; a light source optically coupled to the probe, the light source directing light of at least 1000 nm into the tissue; a detector optically coupled to the probe, the detector to detect light based on scattering of light from the light source in the tissue, and the detector having a light sensitivity in a range of at least 1000 nm; a processor coupled to the detector, the processor to: receive a signal from the detector corresponding to the detected light from the light source, and determine a blood flow measurement from the region of interest using diffuse correlation spectroscopy based on the signal.

Abstract: Fetal tissue oxygenation may be performed transabdominally by, for example, receiving a plurality of detected electronic signals that correspond to light emitted from a pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus contained therein that has been detected by the detector and converted into the detected electronic signal. An indication of a depth of the fetus within the pregnant mammal's abdomen may be received and a portion of the detected electronic signals that correspond to light that was incident upon the fetus may be isolated responsively to the indication of the depth of the fetus using, for example, time of flight of photons that correspond to the detected electronic signals. A fetal tissue oxygen saturation level may then be determined using the isolated portion of the detected electronic signals that correspond to light that was incident upon the fetus.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for multi-distance, multi-wavelength diffuse correlation spectroscopy (MD-MW DCS). The systems and methods can include two, three, or more different wavelengths and two, three, or more different source-detector distances. The dynamics of a target medium can be determined using detected signals at the different wavelengths and different source-detector distances.

Abstract: Systems and methods for path length selected diffuse correlation spectroscopy (PLS-DCS) are disclosed. The systems and methods are suitable for measuring dynamics of a target medium. The systems and methods can utilize light sources having a coherence length that is shorter than a path length distribution of the target medium and can utilize a reference optical path to interferometrically detect PLS-DCS signals. The coherence length and reference path length can be selected to provide sensitivity to portions of the target medium that correspond to a desired path length distribution.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasively monitoring intracranial pressure are provided. In some aspects, the method comprises acquiring diffuse correlation spectroscopy data at a temporal resolution greater than a pulsatile frequency of cerebral blood flow of a subject using one or more optical sensors placed about a subject, and determining a pulsatile cerebral blood flow using the acquired data, The method also includes correlating the determined pulsatile cerebral blood flow with physiological data acquired from the subject, and estimating an intracranial pressure based on the correlation. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the estimated intracranial pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to improvements to systems and methods for measuring the dynamic properties of scattering particles within a medium, including fluid flow. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for time-resolved diffuse correlation spectroscopy. This disclosure provides systems and methods for determining dynamics in a target medium. The systems and methods can utilize time-resolved diffuse correlation spectroscopy.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasively estimating an absolute blood flow of a vascular region in a subject using optical data are provided. In some aspects, the method includes acquiring optical data from the vascular region using one or more optical sensors placed about the subject, and determining, using the optical data, an index of blood flow and. a blood volume associated with the vascular region. The method also includes computing a blood inflow and a blood outflow using the index of blood flow and the blood volume, and estimating an absolute blood flow using the blood inflow and blood outflow. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the absolute blood flow of the vascular region.

Abstract: Laser speckle microrheology is used to determine a mechanical property of a biological tissue, namely, an elastic modulus. Speckle frames may be acquired by illuminating a coherent light and capturing back-scattered rays in parallel and cross-polarized states with respect to illumination. The speckle frames may be analyzed temporally to obtain diffuse reflectance profiles (DRPs) for the parallel-polarized and cross-polarized states. A scattering characteristic of particles in the biological tissue may be determined based on the DRPs, and a displacement characteristic may be determined based at least in part on a speckle intensity autocorrelation function and the scattering characteristic. A size characteristic of scattering particles may be determined based on the DRP for the parallel polarization state. The mechanical property may be calculated using the displacement and size characteristics.

Abstract: There is provided herewith an apparatus, probe, and method for the combination of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). The apparatus, probe and method allow for the simultaneous detection of NIRS and DCS.