Abstract: Apparatuses, capacitor arrays, and methods for generating therapeutic compressed acoustic waves (e.g., shock waves). In the apparatuses and at least some of the methods, a plurality of electrodes can disposed in a chamber that is defined by a housing and configured to be filled with liquid, and a plurality of capacitors can be electrically connected to the electrodes and can be carried by (e.g., physically coupled to) the housing. Voltage pulses can be applied simultaneously to the plurality of electrodes (e.g., to begin to vaporize and ionize portions of the liquid to provide at least one inter-electrode conductive path between the plurality of electrodes) and to the capacitors to charge the plurality of capacitors). The plurality of capacitors can be configured to, upon reaching a threshold charge, discharge to the plurality of electrodes (e.g.

Abstract: A method including while receiving a live digital audio stream from one or more remote servers and outputting the live digital audio stream via a speaker of a client device, receiving the updated content schedule from the one or more remote servers, generating and displaying a real-time programming guide user-interface including the updated content schedule and least one content segment component corresponding to at least one of the content segment data in the updated content schedule. The method further includes transmitting a content segment digital audio signal request to the one or more remote servers for a prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data; and, in response to receiving the prior portion of the live digital audio stream, ceasing outputting the live digital audio stream and outputting the prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data.

Abstract: A method including, at a media content server, receiving a pre-modified live digital audio stream, modifying the pre-modified live digital audio stream to produce a live digital audio stream, at a time-shifted media server, storing the pre-modified live digital audio stream, at an alternative content server, identifying and storing respective alternative content start/stop tags, at a client device, receiving the live digital audio stream, in response to a playback command by a user, transmitting a time-shifted digital audio stream request, in response to the time-shifted digital audio stream request, the time-shifted media server streaming the time-shifted digital audio stream, the client device, identifying an upcoming alternative content period, in response to determining that the upcoming alternative content period is within a pre-determined timing threshold, transmitting an alternative content request, receiving a second alternative content, ceasing to output the time-shifted digital audio stream, and out

Abstract: A method including while receiving a live digital audio stream from one or more remote servers and outputting the live digital audio stream via a speaker of a client device, receiving the updated content schedule from the one or more remote servers, generating and displaying a real-time programming guide user-interface including the updated content schedule and least one content segment component corresponding to at least one of the content segment data in the updated content schedule. The method further includes transmitting a content segment digital audio signal request to the one or more remote servers for a prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data; and, in response to receiving the prior portion of the live digital audio stream, ceasing outputting the live digital audio stream and outputting the prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data.

Abstract: A method including, at a media content server, receiving a pre-modified live digital audio stream, modifying the pre-modified live digital audio stream to produce a live digital audio stream, at a time-shifted media server, storing the pre-modified live digital audio stream, at an alternative content server, identifying and storing respective alternative content start/stop tags, at a client device, receiving the live digital audio stream, in response to a playback command by a user, transmitting a time-shifted digital audio stream request, in response to the time-shifted digital audio stream request, the time-shifted media server streaming the time-shifted digital audio stream, the client device, identifying an upcoming alternative content period, in response to determining that the upcoming alternative content period is within a pre-determined timing threshold, transmitting an alternative content request, receiving a second alternative content, ceasing to output the time-shifted digital audio stream, and out

Abstract: A method including while receiving a live digital audio stream from one or more remote servers and outputting the live digital audio stream via a speaker of a client device, receiving the updated content schedule from the one or more remote servers, generating and displaying a real-time programming guide user-interface including the updated content schedule, the real-time programming guide user-interface including at least one content segment component corresponding to at least one of the content segment data in the updated content schedule, and, in response to a content selection command at the at least one content segment component, transmitting a content segment digital audio signal request to the one or more remote servers for a prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data; and, in response to receiving the prior portion of the live digital audio stream, ceasing outputting the live digital audio stream and outputting the prior portion of the live digital audio s

Abstract: A method including, at a media content server, receiving a pre-modified live digital audio stream, modifying the pre-modified live digital audio stream to produce a live digital audio stream, at a time-shifted media server, storing the pre-modified live digital audio stream, at an alternative content server, identifying and storing respective alternative content start/stop tags, at a client device, receiving the live digital audio stream, in response to a playback command by a user, transmitting a time-shifted digital audio stream request, in response to the time-shifted digital audio stream request, the time-shifted media server streaming the time-shifted digital audio stream, the client device, identifying an upcoming alternative content period, in response to determining that the upcoming alternative content period is within a pre-determined timing threshold, transmitting an alternative content request, receiving a second alternative content, ceasing to output the time-shifted digital audio stream, and out

Abstract: A method including, at a media content server, receiving a pre-modified live digital audio stream, modifying the pre-modified live digital audio stream to produce a live digital audio stream, at a time-shifted media server, storing the pre-modified live digital audio stream, at an alternative content server, identifying and storing respective alternative content start/stop tags, at a client device, receiving the live digital audio stream, in response to a playback command by a user, transmitting a time-shifted digital audio stream request, in response to the time-shifted digital audio stream request, the time-shifted media server streaming the time-shifted digital audio stream, the client device, identifying an upcoming alternative content period, in response to determining that the upcoming alternative content period is within a pre-determined timing threshold, transmitting an alternative content request, receiving a second alternative content, ceasing to output the time-shifted digital audio stream, and out

Abstract: A method including while receiving a live digital audio stream from one or more remote servers and outputting the live digital audio stream via a speaker of a client device, receiving the updated content schedule from the one or more remote servers, generating and displaying a real-time programming guide user-interface including the updated content schedule, the real-time programming guide user-interface including at least one content segment component corresponding to at least one of the content segment data in the updated content schedule, and, in response to a content selection command at the at least one content segment component, transmitting a content segment digital audio signal request to the one or more remote servers for a prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data; and, in response to receiving the prior portion of the live digital audio stream, ceasing outputting the live digital audio stream and outputting the prior portion of the live digital audio s

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods as described herein relate to analyzing plant nutrient-yield relationships and identifying optimum plant fertilization strategies to improve individual plant yields and overall plant yields. Nutrient data and yield data for plants in all yield ranges, rather than nutrient data and yield data for only the best-performing plants, is categorized based on the yield data and then analyzed to determine the yield as a function of nutrient condition for each nutrient element for the plants in each yield category. The nutrient-yield function can be modeled using a polynomial equation of various orders that can be used for determining the nutritional condition to improve crop production for plants in each yield category.

Abstract: A method including while receiving a live digital audio stream from one or more remote servers and outputting the live digital audio stream via a speaker of a client device, receiving the updated content schedule from the one or more remote servers, generating and displaying a real-time programming guide user-interface including the updated content schedule, the real-time programming guide user-interface including at least one content segment component corresponding to at least one of the content segment data in the updated content schedule, and, in response to a content selection command at the at least one content segment component, transmitting a content segment digital audio signal request to the one or more remote servers for a prior portion of the live digital audio stream corresponding to the content segment data; and, in response to receiving the prior portion of the live digital audio stream, ceasing outputting the live digital audio stream and outputting the prior portion of the live digital audio s

Abstract: A method including, at a media content server, receiving a pre-modified live digital audio stream, modifying the pre-modified live digital audio stream to produce a live digital audio stream, at a time-shifted media server, storing the pre-modified live digital audio stream, at an alternative content server, identifying and storing respective alternative content start/stop tags, at a client device, receiving the live digital audio stream, in response to a playback command by a user, transmitting a time-shifted digital audio stream request, in response to the time-shifted digital audio stream request, the time-shifted media server streaming the time-shifted digital audio stream, the client device, identifying an upcoming alternative content period, in response to determining that the upcoming alternative content period is within a pre-determined timing threshold, transmitting an alternative content request, receiving a second alternative content, ceasing to output the time-shifted digital audio stream, and out

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods as described herein relate to analyzing plant nutrient-yield relationships and identifying optimum plant fertilization strategies to improve individual plant yields and overall plant yields. Nutrient data and yield data for plants in all yield ranges, rather than nutrient data and yield data for only the best-performing plants, is categorized based on the yield data and then analyzed to determine the yield as a function of nutrient condition for each nutrient element for the plants in each yield category. The nutrient-yield function can be modeled using a polynomial equation of various orders that can be used for determining the nutritional condition to improve crop production for plants in each yield category.

Abstract: A speed responsive engagement device having a rotating wheel having a plurality of outwardly projecting spaced apart teeth with each pair of adjacent teeth being separated by a circumferential surface with a constant radius and a pawl arranged for pivotal movement between an unengaged position and an engaged position in which the pawl engages one of the teeth and a circumferential surface and a resilient means arranged to urge the pawl towards the engaged position when the pawl is not in contact with the circumferential surface. When the wheel rotates each tooth contacts the pawl, generating an oscillating movement of the pawl with an amplitude dependent on the speed of the rotation. When the speed of rotation reaches a predetermined value the oscillating movement brings the pawl into the engaged position, preventing further rotation of the wheel in the first direction.

Abstract: A wave power capture system includes a double acting piston arrangement in which reciprocation of the piston arrangement as a result of wave action to causes hydraulic fluid to be pumped into a hydraulic supply to a hydraulic motor and the flow and differential pressure of the double acting piston may be different to the flow and differential pressure provided to the hydraulic supply and that such difference is variable.

Abstract: A wave power capture system, comprises a fluid transfer conduit for connection to a wave energy conversion device such that, in operation, the wave energy conversion device pressurizes fluid in the fluid transfer conduit in response to wave motion; a turbine apparatus arranged to receive fluid from the fluid transfer conduit; at least one sensor for sensing pressure and/or flow rate of the fluid; a variable opening valve for controlling the rate of flow of fluid from the fluid transfer conduit to the turbine apparatus; a controller for controlling operation of the variable opening valve in dependence upon the pressure and/or flow rate of the fluid sensed by the sensor and/or the speed of rotation of the turbine apparatus; and an electrical power generation system for obtaining electrical power from operation of the turbine apparatus.

Abstract: A wave energy conversion apparatus comprises:-a mechanical element arranged in operation to move repeatedly in a cycle in response to wave motion, wherein the speed of the mechanical element varies between a maximum and a minimum during each cycle; power extraction means arranged to extract energy from the movement of the mechanical element; and movement assistance means arranged to assist the movement, in response to the wave motion, of the mechanical element, during at least one part of the cycle during which the speed of movement of the mechanical element is substantially equal to the minimum for that cycle, wherein the power extraction means comprises a fluid pressurisation system that is arranged so that in operation fluid in the fluid pressurisation system is pressurised in response to movement of the mechanical element, the fluid pressurisation system comprises a one-way valve for transferring pressurised fluid from the fluid pressurisation system and the movement assistance means is located upstream o

Abstract: A wave power capture system, comprises a fluid transfer conduit for connection to a wave energy conversion device such that, in operation, the wave energy conversion device pressurizes fluid in the fluid transfer conduit in response to wave motion; a turbine apparatus arranged to receive fluid from the fluid transfer conduit; at least one sensor for sensing pressure and/or flow rate of the fluid; a variable opening valve for controlling the rate of flow of fluid from the fluid transfer conduit to the turbine apparatus; a controller for controlling operation of the variable opening valve in dependence upon the pressure and/or flow rate of the fluid sensed by the sensor and/or the speed of rotation of the turbine apparatus; and an electrical power generation system for obtaining electrical power from operation of the turbine apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wave energy conversion device (1), for use in relatively shallow water, which has a base portion (2) for anchoring to the bed of a body of water (6) and an upstanding flap portion (8) pivotally connected (12) to the base portion. The flap portion is biased to the vertical and oscillates, backwards and forwards about the vertical in response to wave motion acting on its faces. Power extraction means extract energy from the movement of the flap portion. When the base portion (2) is anchored to the bed of a body of water (6) with the flap portion (8) facing the wave motion, the base portion (2) and the flap portion (8) extend vertically through at least the entire depth of the water, to present a substantially continuous surface to the wave motion throughout the full depth of water from the wave crest to the sea bed. A plurality of devices can be interconnected to form one system. The distance between the plurality of flaps is dependent on the wavelength.

Abstract: A speed responsive engagement device comprises: a wheel arranged for rotation about a first axis and having a plurality of outwardly projecting spaced apart teeth with each pair of adjacent teeth being separated by a circumferential surface with a constant radius; a pawl arranged for pivotal movement about a second axis between a first unengaged position and a second engaged position in which the pawl engages one of said teeth and contacts a circumferential surface; and a resilient means arranged to urge said pawl towards the first position when the pawl is not in contact with a circumferential surface. When the wheel rotates in a first direction each tooth contacts the pawl, generating an oscillating movement of the pawl from the first position towards the second position with an amplitude dependent on the speed of the rotation.