Abstract: A first URL in a first document is modified to produce a first modified URL, that includes a first modified hostname resolvable to a shared content delivery network (CDN) formed by a plurality of repeater servers. A second URL in a second document is modified to produce a second modified URL that includes a hostname that is also resolvable to the shared CDN.

Abstract: A plurality of content providers provide multiple resources to multiple clients. At least some of the resources are to be served to clients from a shared content delivery network (CDN) formed by a plurality of repeater servers. Each content provider provides at least some resources via one or more content sources associated with that content provider. Transmission data rates from the CDN on behalf of some of the content providers are monitored. Based at least in part on the monitored data rates, requests for resources are directed to a source other than the CDN. Redirection of requests may be based on a pricing policy.

Abstract: A framework operative in a computer network in which users of client processors connect to a content server, wherein processors in the network communicate with each other using a TCP/IP communication protocol. The framework includes a set of content servers, distinct from the content provider server, for hosting at least some of the data files that are normally hosted by the content provider server. In response to requests for a data file, generated by one of the client machines, the particular data file is served from one of the content servers having been selected based at least in part on a measure of availability of at least one of the servers of the network of servers.

Abstract: A method of distributing a data item to a plurality of computers in a network of computers. A data item is divided into a plurality of segments. Each segment is stored on at least one computer in said network. A list of computers onto which each of said segments has been stored is maintained. When a data item is requested, its component segments are obtained from at least two computers in the network. Some of the computers may form a peer-to-peer network.

Abstract: Access to and delivery of licensed content is controlled using content names that were determined based on the content. A name for a data item is obtained, the name having been determined based at least in part on the data which comprise the contents of the data item. Access to the data item is authorized based at least in part on the name. Once authorized, access may be granted from more than one computer. The name may have been determined using a hash or message digest function such as MD4, MD5 or SHA. The data item may comprise a file, a portion of a file, a page in memory, a digital message, a digital image, a video signal or an audio signal.

Abstract: Similarity of data items is determined by analyzing corresponding segments of the data items. A function is applied to each segment of a data item and the output of that function is compared to the output of the same function applied to a corresponding segment of another data item. A function may be applied to the output of the functions. The functions may be hash or message digest functions.

Abstract: A method of processing requests for resources in a system in which a plurality of content providers provide multiple resources. Content providers offload the serving of some of their resources to a shared content delivery network (CDN) formed by a plurality of servers. The CDN is shared among the content providers. Some of a content provider's content may be served from an origin server associated with that content provider, while requests for other content from that content provider are served from the shared CDN.

Abstract: A method for delivering resources to clients in a distributed computing environment. At least a first resource associated with a first content provider and maintained on an origin server references a second resource. The second resource is associated with a network formed by a plurality of repeater servers operable to serve the second resource to clients on behalf of the first content provider, the origin server being distinct from the plurality of repeater servers. Responsive to a request that causes the first resource to be served to a client from the origin server, at least one of the plurality of repeater servers is selected to serve the second resource to the client. If a copy of the second resource is available on the selected repeater server, the copy of the second resource is served to the client from the selected repeater server; otherwise, if a copy of the second resource is not available on the selected repeater server, the second resource is replicated on the selected repeater server.

Abstract: A method of generating a web page modifies uniform resource locators (URLs) of embedded resources in a web page. The modified URLs include data prepended to information from the original URLs. The prepended data may be a hostname or an network address that is resolvable to a shared network of servers.

Abstract: A method of processing requests for resources in a system in which a plurality of content providers provide multiple resources. Content providers offload the serving of some of their resources to a shared content delivery network (CDN) formed by a plurality of servers. The CDN is shared among the content providers. Some of a content provider's content may be served from an origin server associated with that content provider, while requests for other content from that content provider are served from the shared CDN. Requests for content are directed to servers in the CDN based on load conditions on the CDN servers and network conditions.

Abstract: A plurality of data items are distributed across a plurality of computers, some of which may form a peer-to-peer network. A first computer receives a request for a data item from a requesting computer. The request includes a True Name of the data item. The first computer causes the requesting computer to obtain the data item from a second computer, distinct from the first computer. The first computer may not have a copy of the requested data item. The first computer may know the location of the data item. The first computer may forward the request for the data item to at least one other computer.

Abstract: Resource requests made by clients of origin servers in a network are intercepted by reflector mechanisms and selectively reflected to other servers called repeaters. The reflectors select a best repeater from a set of possible repeaters and redirect the client to the selected best repeater. The client then makes the request of the selected best repeater. The resource is possibly rewritten to replace at least some of the resource identifiers contained therein with modified resource identifiers designating the repeater instead of the origin server.

Abstract: The present invention provides an interconnect structure, a method of manufacture therefore, and a method for manufacturing an integrated circuit including the same. The method for forming the interconnect structure, among other steps, includes subjecting a first portion (510) of a substrate (220) to a first etch process, the first etch process designed to etch at a first entry angle (?1), and subjecting a second portion (610) of the substrate (220) to a second different etch process, the second different etch process designed to etch at a second lesser entry angle (?2).

Abstract: Resource requests made by clients of origin servers in a network are intercepted by reflector mechanisms and selectively reflected to other servers called repeaters. The reflectors select a best repeater from a set of possible repeaters and redirect the client to the selected best repeater. The client then makes the request of the selected best repeater. The resource is possibly rewritten to replace at least some of the resource identifiers contained therein with modified resource identifiers designating the repeater instead of the origin server.

Abstract: Resource requests made by clients of origin servers in a network are intercepted by reflector mechanisms and selectively reflected to other servers called repeaters. The reflectors select a best repeater from a set of possible repeaters and redirect the client to the selected best repeater. The client then makes the request of the selected best repeater. The resource is possibly rewritten to replace at least some of the resource identifiers contained therein with modified resource identifiers designating the repeater instead of the origin server.

Abstract: Data files are distributed across a plurality of computers. The computers may form a network such as a content delivery network (CDN) or a peer-to-peer network. The network may operate as a TCP/IP network such as the Internet. Data files may represent may represent digital messages, images, videos or audio signals. For content—data items or files in the system—a name is obtained (or determined), where the name is based, at least in part, on a given function of the data in a data item or file. The given function may be a message digest or hash function, and it may be MD4, MD5, and SHA. A cony of a requested file is only provided to licensed (or authorized) parties. The system may check one or more computers for unauthorized or unlicensed content. Content is served based on a measure of availability of servers.

Abstract: A plurality of files are distributed across a plurality of computers, some of which may form a peer-to-peer network. In response to a request for a file, the file is caused to be provided from a given one of the computers, wherein the request for the file is resolved based, at least in part, on a measure of availability of at least one of the computers that is supposed to have a copy of the file, and wherein the measure of availability for a computer is based, at least in part, on at least one of the measurements selected from: (a) a measurement of bandwidth to the computer; (b) a measurement of a cost of a connection to the computer, and (c) a measurement of reliability of a connection to the computer. A copy of the requested file may not be provided to unlicensed parties or to unauthorized parties. An unauthorized or unlicensed copy of a file may not be allowed to be provided.

Abstract: The present invention consists of a method for creating three-dimensional renderings. The method includes defining one or more documents required to render a three-dimensional object, or process involving the three-dimensional object, the three-dimensional object or the process involving the three-dimensional object defining a three-dimensional rendering; creating one or more documents in collaboration with one or more individuals with subject matter expertise related to the three-dimensional rendering; creating a three-dimensional rendering based on the one or more documents; and validating the three-dimensional rendering by the one or more individuals with subject matter expertise. A related method for creating photo-realistic three-dimensional representations of non-organic and organic three-dimensional objects is also provided. The invention also consists of a computer system and a computer program for creating interactive three-dimensional renderings.

Abstract: In a data processing system, a mechanism identifies data items by substantially unique identifiers which depend on all of the data in the data items and only on the data in the data items. Existence means determine whether a particular data item is present in the system, by examining the identifiers of the plurality of data items.

Abstract: Resource requests made by clients of origin servers in a network are intercepted by reflector mechanisms and selectively reflected to other servers called repeaters. The reflectors select a best repeater from a set of possible repeaters and redirect the client to the selected best repeater. The client then makes the request of the selected best repeater. The resource is possibly rewritten to replace at least some of the resource identifiers contained therein with modified resource identifiers designating the repeater instead of the origin server.