Abstract: A method and apparatus for a pull tab opening mechanism utilized in container systems for easy opening and convenient manufacturing. The method and apparatus therefor comprising a base paper stock in which a pour hole is die cut. The paper stock being laminated with layers of aluminum foil and polyethylene which cover the die cut pour hole. A pull tab system adhered to the top of the laminated structure advantageously provides an opening mechanism which does not compromise the integrity of the container and is easily manufactured.

Abstract: An improved label applicator system as provided for reducing the time required to convert from one label type to another. The device comprises one or more cassette assemblies each having a supply spool, a rewind spool, routing rollers and a peeler arm. Such cassettes are removably attachable to an applicator head assembly which comprises a drive means and a control means. This invention enables the operator to pre-thread a cassette prior to attachment to the applicator head assembly. The changeover from one label type to another can now be accomplished by removing one cassette assembly from the applicator machine and replacing it with a pre-threaded cassette assembly containing an alternative label type.

Abstract: A system employing a plurality of electronic oscillators for generating test signals at spaced locations remote from a selection point. The oscillators are coupled to a gathering line for petroleum products, each being located adjacent to an acoustic detector coupled to the line for signaling the presence of a leak within its range. A digital selector which manually generates a given number of pulses is located at the selection point. There is a binary counter at each oscillator to receive the pulses. And, there is also a binary encoder at each oscillator to determine which one will be energized, depending upon the number of pulses generated by the selector.

Abstract: A method and system for improving the pulse-echo type of testing to determine wall thicknesses. It is particularly applicable to pipes. There is a pulse directed transversely to the wall so that reflections from the inner and outer surfaces will indicate the thickness, and another pulse is directed at an angle to the wall with time spacing. The angled pulse path permits penetration so that the presence of an undesirable type of discontinuity will cause an additional reflection which distinguishes this type of discontinuity.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer that employs a piezoelectric crystal which is made of lead metaniobate so that it has good sensitivity while also having a low Q. The transducer includes a backing support for one face of the crystal which provides damping of the acoustic energy being generated in the reverse direction. The backing support includes an epoxy resin with heavy metal objects moulded therein.