Abstract: A secondary universal communication system enables dedicated and independent communications capability between space vehicle payload elements and ground based communications networks. The system may either utilize existing communications satellites as an intermediate network to provide continuous communications with payload elements, regardless of orientation or configuration of the space vehicle, or may communicate directly with ground stations via down link capability. The system has a navigation system and an inertial measurement system to provide antenna pointing and tracking capability to actively track satellites. The secondary universal communications system can provide supplemental and independent communications capacity to the space vehicle's primary communication system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a net scoring system for accurate and convenient scoring of a sporting contest. The net scoring system has a game net which is of a generally rectangular shape and has a periphery defined by a top edge, a bottom edge, and opposing side edges. The net scoring system also includes at least one indicating device for displaying a game score that is connected to the game net. The indicating device may be located on at least one of the top edge, the bottom edge, and the opposing side edges. The indicating device includes a plurality of scoring symbols and a symbol indicating assembly that selectively emphasizes one of the plurality of scoring symbols to represent a score.

Abstract: A universal communication system enables dedicated and independent communications capability to NSTS payload elements and ground based communications networks. The system may either utilize existing communications satellites as an intermediate network to provide continuous communications with payload elements, regardless of orientation or configuration of the NSTS Orbiter, or may communicate directly with ground stations via down link capability. In addition, the universal communications system can provide supplemental and independent communications capacity to the NSTS Orbiter's primary communication system.

Abstract: A universal communication system enables dedicated and independent communications capability to NSTS payload elements and ground based communications networks. The system may either utilize existing communications satellites as an intermediate network to provide continuous communications with payload elements, regardless of orientation or configuration of the NSTS Orbiter, or may communicate directly with ground stations via down link capability. In addition, the universal communications system can provide supplemental and independent communications capacity to the NSTS Orbiter's primary communication system.

Abstract: A borehole tool having adjacently located fluid injection/withdrawal apparatus and an electromagnetic measurement apparatus is provided. The electromagnetic measurement apparatus can be an imaging apparatus for helping set the tool in desired locations for permeability testing via fluid injection or withdrawal. In a second mode, during fluid injection or withdrawal, and if desired, before and/or after injection or withdrawal, a plurality of electromagnetic measurements (images) are made. Based on the electromagnetic and hydraulic measurements, and a model which interrelates the measurements, determinations are made as to various characteristics of the formation, including effective permeabilities. Related methods for utilizing the tool and for treating the data in an integrated fashion are also set forth.

Abstract: An improved seal for use in a hydraulic system such as a piston rod in a housing, the seal having a stressing member and sealing member in which the latter is in point contact with, for example, a piston rod under low fluid pressure and has an additional contact area with the piston rod under high fluid pressure; a shallow concavity between the point contact and the contact area entraps lubricating fluid when the seal is subjected to high fluid pressure. In another modification the sealing member has an incline on the face in contact with the stressing member so that under high fluid pressure, the stressing member is forced up the incline and thus exerts increased pressure through the sealing member against the contact area and produces an effective high fluid pressure seal. In still another embodiment the sealing member has a concave surface to receive the stressing member such that it is centered, during low pressure operation, over a sealing contact area of the sealing member.