Abstract: A railroad switch position indicator configured for direct attachment to switch points which guide a train from one track to another. The indicator has first and second rotating reflector signals spring biased into a neutral position signaling caution. The first rotating reflector signal rotates in response to movement of the switch points against the spring bias while the second rotating reflector signal remains in neutral position when the switch points are lined for a first direction. The second rotating reflector signal rotates in response to movement of the switch points against the spring bias while the first set of reflectors remain in neutral position when the switch points are lined for a second direction.

Abstract: A railroad switch indicator, that operates independently of the mechanism for operating the switch, for signaling the position of the switchpoints via a flexible mechanical cable connected to a railroad switch amplifier mechanism. The railroad switch amplifier mechanism has linkage members attached to a crossbar connecting inner stockrails and to a pivoted lever arm, the output arm of which is attached to the mechanical cable. The flexible mechanical cable allows the railroad switch indicator to be positioned remotely from the switchpoints and switch amplifier mechanism in a highly visible and easily serviced location.

Abstract: A multi-mode composite antenna includes two crossed dipole elements each consisting of a bow-tie antenna having two bow-tie antenna segments, and a conductive tube which houses signal transmission lines connected to each bow-tie antenna segment. A conductive flared portion surrounds the conductive tube and forms a monopole element. The bow-tie antenna segments are shaped so that slots extend between each adjacent bow-tie antenna, each slot forming a tapered slot antenna that has a pair of non-linear curved edges that diverge from each other.

Abstract: A multi-mode composite antenna includes two crossed dipole elements each consisting of a bow-tie antenna having two bow-tie antenna segments, and a conductive tube which houses signal transmission lines connected to each bow-tie antenna segment. A conductive flared portion surrounds the conductive tube and forms a monopole element. The bow-tie antenna segments are shaped so that slots extend between each adjacent bow-tie antenna, each slot forming a tapered slot antenna that has a pair of non-linear curved edges that diverge from each other.

Abstract: A railroad switch indicator, that operates independently of the mechanism for operating the switch, for signaling the position of the switchpoints via a flexible mechanical cable connected to a railroad switch amplifier mechanism. The railroad switch amplifier mechanism has linkage members attached to a crossbar connecting inner stockrails and to a pivoted lever arm, the output arm of which is attached to the mechanical cable. The flexible mechanical cable allows the railroad switch indicator to be positioned remotely from the switchpoints and switch amplifier mechanism in a highly visible and easily serviced location.

Abstract: A multi-mode composite antenna is disclosed. The antenna includes at least two dipole elements, each dipole element having two arms with a signal transmission line connected to each arm, a conductive tube in which the signal transmission lines extend which forms a shield for the signal transmission lines, and an extension of the conductive tube. In one embodiment, the extension is formed by the conductive tube being folded back over itself. The dipole elements are capable of being excited by at least one differential mode excitation to realize a dipole radiation pattern, and the extension forms a monopole element with a monopole radiation pattern when at least one dipole element is excited by a common mode excitation. The composite antenna is capable of a combined monopole and dipole radiation pattern through the application of both differential mode excitation and common mode excitation.

Abstract: A multi-mode composite antenna is disclosed. The antenna includes at least two dipole elements, each dipole element having two arms with a signal transmission line connected to each arm, a conductive tube in which the signal transmission lines extend which forms a shield for the signal transmission lines, and an extension of the conductive tube. In one embodiment, the extension is formed by the conductive tube being folded back over itself. The dipole elements are capable of being excited by at least one differential mode excitation to realize a dipole radiation pattern, and the extension forms a monopole element with a monopole radiation pattern when at least one dipole element is excited by a common mode excitation. The composite antenna is capable of a combined monopole and dipole radiation pattern through the application of both differential mode excitation and common mode excitation.

Abstract: A railroad switch indicator for visually signaling the position of a pair of railroad switchpoints independently of the mechanism for operating the switch. The indicator includes a sleeve with windows in which is reciprocated a slide with reflectors selected ones of which are visible through the windows of the sleeve for indicating safety conditions of the track. An arm with an upwardly extending finder is attached to a transverse bar that moves the switchpoints. The finger engages the slide through lever arms. When the finger moves with the switchpoints, the lever arms move the slide a distance greater than the distance moved by the finger thereby increasing the sensitivity of the railroad switch indicator to movement of the switchpoints. Movement of the slide by the finger is resisted by springs or counterweights which urge the slide into a mid or default position signaling caution.

Abstract: A railroad switch indicator for visually signaling the position of a pair of railroad switchpoints independently of the mechanism for operating the switch. The indicator includes a sleeve with windows in which is reciprocated a slide with reflectors selected ones of which are visible through the windows of the sleeve for indicating safety conditions of the track. An arm with an upwardly extending finger engages the slide and is attached to the transverse bar that moves the switchpoints for reciprocation of the slide within the sleeve conjointly with movement of the switchpoints by the transverse bar.

Abstract: A railroad switch indicator for visually signaling the position of a pair of railroad switchpoints independently of the mechanism for operating the switch. The indicator includes a sleeve with windows in which is reciprocated a slide with reflectors selected ones of which are visible through the windows of the sleeve for indicating safety conditions of the track. An arm with an upwardly extending finger engages the slide and is attached to the transverse bar that moves the switchpoints for reciprocation of the slide within the sleeve conjointly with movement of the switchpoints by the transverse bar.