Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for distributing information. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the method includes receiving, at a replicator, a single data stream originating from a data source, wherein the single data stream comprises a first plurality of data units from the data source; replicating, by the replicator, the single data stream to obtain a first replicated data stream and a second replicated data stream; transmitting the first replicated data stream to a first data recipient; and transmitting the second replicated data stream to a second data recipient.

Abstract: A method for distributing information includes: receiving, at a replicator, a single data stream originating from a data source where the single data stream includes a first plurality of data units from the data source; replicating, by the replicator, the single data stream to obtain a first replicated data stream and a second replicated data stream; adding a delay between the first plurality of data units in the single data stream before replicating the single data stream; transmitting the first replicated data stream to a first data recipient using a first communication channel; and transmitting the second replicated data stream to a second data recipient using a second communication channel. The replication of the single data stream is performed by a lower layer device to obtain the first replicated data stream and the second replicated data stream substantially synchronously.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for processing network traffic data units. The methods and systems may include functionality for generating a first network traffic data unit comprising an indication that the first network traffic unit should be delayed for a time before re-transmission to a client device; and transmitting the first network traffic data unit to a first edge device.

Abstract: A network device is configured to route an ingress packet based on its L2 header. In some configurations the ingress packet is routed based only on the destination MAC (DMAC) address in the L2 header, which allows the network device to begin routing as soon as the DMAC is received. The DMAC can be used in a table look up operation to identify routing actions for a nexthop. An egress packet is produced from the ingress packet using the routing actions. The egress packet is then sent on an egress port specified in the routing actions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for processing network traffic data units. The methods and systems may include functionality for generating a first network traffic data unit comprising an indication that the first network traffic unit should be delayed for a time before re-transmission to a client device; and transmitting the first network traffic data unit to a first edge device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for processing network traffic data units. The methods and systems may include functionality for receiving a first network traffic data unit at a first edge device at a first time, and appending a first ingress timestamp to the first network traffic data unit based on the first time. The methods and systems also include functionality to receive a second network traffic data unit at a second edge device at a second time and appending a second ingress timestamp to the second network traffic data unit based on the second time. The first network traffic data unit and second network traffic data unit are transmitted, via a network, to a data processing device.

Abstract: In general, the embodiments relate to systems and methods for receiving and processing network traffic data units (NTDUs) by one or more edge devices in order to generate a global ordering of NTDU. The methods include receiving, at an aggregator, a first set of locally ordered NTDUs from a first edge device, receiving, at the aggregator, a second set of locally ordered NTDUs from a second edge device, generating a globally ordered sequence of NTDUs using the first set of locally ordered NTDUs and the second set of locally ordered NTDUs; and transmitting the globally ordered sequence of NTDUs to a destination.

Abstract: System and methods for generating and authenticating verifiable network traffic. Specifically, the system and methods disclosed herein describe solutions for augmenting layer-2 (L2) frames with additional verifiable information entailing, for example, hash-based message authentication code encryption or digital signature authentication. These solutions may address scenarios where evidence of tampering, through deceptive practices, of network traffic data may prove difficult to detect.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for processing network traffic data units. The methods and systems may include functionality for receiving a first network traffic data unit at a first edge device at a first time, and appending a first ingress timestamp to the first network traffic data unit based on the first time. The methods and systems also include functionality to receive a second network traffic data unit at a second edge device at a second time and appending a second ingress timestamp to the second network traffic data unit based on the second time. The first network traffic data unit and second network traffic data unit are transmitted, via a network, to a data processing device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for distributing information. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the method includes receiving, at a replicator, a single data stream originating from a data source, wherein the single data stream comprises a first plurality of data units from the data source; replicating, by the replicator, the single data stream to obtain a first replicated data stream and a second replicated data stream; transmitting the first replicated data stream to a first data recipient; and transmitting the second replicated data stream to a second data recipient.

Abstract: A method of data switching. Data is received by at least one input port of a crosspoint switch. The crosspoint switch configurably casts the data to at least one output port of the crosspoint switch. Each output port of the crosspoint switch is connected to a respective input of a logic function device such as an FPGA. The logic function device applies a logic function to data received from each output port of the crosspoint switch, such as address filtering or multiplexing, and outputs processed data to one or more respective logic function device output interfaces. Also, a method of switching involving circuit switching received data to an output while also copying the data to a higher layer function.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for distributing information. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the method includes receiving, at a replicator, a single data stream originating from a data source, wherein the single data stream comprises a first plurality of data units from the data source; replicating, by the replicator, the single data stream to obtain a first replicated data stream and a second replicated data stream; transmitting the first replicated data stream to a first data recipient; and transmitting the second replicated data stream to a second data recipient.

Abstract: In general, the embodiments relate to systems and methods for receiving and processing network traffic data units (NTDUs) by one or more edge devices in order to generate a global ordering of NTDU.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for processing network traffic data units. The methods and systems may include functionality for generating a first network traffic data unit comprising an indication that the first network traffic unit should be delayed for a time before re-transmission to a client device; and transmitting the first network traffic data unit to a first edge device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system (10) for transmitting a data stream (12). The system (10) is configured to receive the data stream (12). The data stream (12) carries a plurality of orders that are destined for a market (24) configured for electronic trading. The system (10) is configured to transmit the data stream (12) carrying the plurality of orders. The system (10) is configured to process at least the plurality of orders (12) to determine trading risk information (14) indicative of trading risk. The system (10) is configured to determine if the trading risk indicated by the trading risk information (14) satisfies a trading risk condition (16). The system (10) is configured to cease transmitting the data stream (12) carrying the plurality of orders if the trading risk condition is determined to be satisfied and commenced transmitting another data stream (18) destined for the electronic market. Also disclosed herein is a method for transmitting a data stream (12).

Abstract: A medical instrument is disclosed. The medical instrument includes at least one electrical contact element, a battery, a radio frequency (RF) generation circuit coupled to and operated by the battery and operable to generate an RF drive signal and to provide the RF drive signal to the at least one electrical contact, and a battery discharge circuit coupled to the battery. A processor is coupled to the battery discharge circuit and a memory is coupled to the processor. The memory stores machine executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to monitor activation of the RF generation circuit and disable the RF generation circuit when the RF drive signal is fired a predetermined number of times. The medical instrument may include an activation switch and/or a disposal switch supported by the housing.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for distributing information. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the method includes receiving, at a replicator, a single data stream originating from a data source, wherein the single data stream comprises a first plurality of data units from the data source; replicating, by the replicator, the single data stream to obtain a first replicated data stream and a second replicated data stream; transmitting the first replicated data stream to a first data recipient; and transmitting the second replicated data stream to a second data recipient.

Abstract: System and methods for generating and authenticating verifiable network traffic. Specifically, the system and methods disclosed herein describe solutions for augmenting layer-2 (L2) frames with additional verifiable information entailing, for example, hash-based message authentication code encryption or digital signature authentication. These solutions may address scenarios where evidence of tampering, through deceptive practices, of network traffic data may prove difficult to detect.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for processing network traffic data units. The methods and systems may include functionality for generating a first network traffic data unit comprising an indication that the first network traffic unit should be delayed for a time before re-transmission to a client device; and transmitting the first network traffic data unit to a first edge device.

Abstract: A method of data switching. Data is received at least one input port of a crosspoint switch. The crosspoint switch configurably casts the data to at least one output port of the crosspoint switch. The or each output port of the crosspoint switch is connected to a respective input of a logic function device such as a FPGA. The logic function device applies a logic function to data received from the or each output port of the crosspoint switch, such as address filtering or multiplexing, and outputs processed data to one or more respective logic function device output interfaces. Also, a method of switching involving circuit switching received data to an output while also copying the data to a higher layer function.