Abstract: A valve actuation system comprises a first arm having a first arm contact surface and operatively connected to a valve actuation motion. A second arm having a second arm contact surface is operatively connected to the at least one engine valve. A discrete lost motion device is provided that is controllable between a first, motion conveying state and a second, motion absorbing state. The discrete lost motion devices comprises a plunger contact surface and a housing contact surface. The housing contact surface is configured to engage one of the first or second arm contact surfaces, and the plunger contact surface is configured to engage another of the first and the second arm contact surfaces. The first and second arm contact surfaces, the housing contact surface and the first plunger contact surface are configured to support the discrete lost motion device between the first arm and the second arm.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for differentiating sugar-free and regular carbonated beverages. The system and method exploit the difference in specific gravity of fluid materials by observing calibrated beads immersed in fluids.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp assembly is provided which includes a light bulb providing a source of illumination; a reflector housing with a central opening with a reflector surface for reflecting illumination given by the light bulb, the reflector housing central opening mounting the light bulb, the reflector housing having a first surface opposite the reflector surface adjacent the central opening and a second surface on the same side of the reflector surface generally adjacent the central opening; and a bulb shield having a first portion along a first end. The first portion is generally closely adjacent to the light bulb for blocking illumination provided by the light bulb. The bulb shield has at an end opposite the first end at least one foot penetrating through the central opening with a radially outwardly extending toe engaging the reflector housing first surface.