Abstract: A passively activated switch system for a high-current coil including a plurality of silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) each electrically coupled to a high-current coil, each SCR electrically coupled in parallel to a fast-acting mechanical switch. A passive voltage detector is responsive to an increase in voltage above a predetermined threshold value indicating a start of an over-current event which closes each of the plurality of SCRs to enable a loop current to create a large electromagnetic force. Each fast-acting switch is responsive to the large electromagnetic force and is configured to close to shunt current from each SCR to prevent damage of at least one of the high-current coils or a system that utilizes a high-current coil, or both.

Abstract: Atomic oxygen is provided for the purpose of promoting reliable ignition and smooth combustion in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is to disperse a low concentration of an atomic oxygen precursor, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), into the flammable mixture of air and gasoline vapor prior to the time of ignition. The introduction of N2O may take place in the intake manifold, in the stream of exhaust gas being returned as part of the EGR process, or directly into the combustion chamber (for example through a small orifice in the base of the spark plug or through a small nozzle located elsewhere in the cylinder head). Introduction of N2O directly into the combustion chamber may be continuous, or it may be pulsed so as to occur at the time of, or shortly before, spark ignition.

Abstract: A resonant cavity combined solid-state amplifier system including a resonant cavity having at least one output port coupled to a high-power transmission line. A plurality of high-power transistors are each configured to generate a variable amount of power input directly into the resonant cavity. The plurality of high-power transistors may be configured such that a failure of one or more of the plurality of high-power transistors does not substantially impede operation of the resonant cavity. A plurality of output impedance matching networks each coupled to one of the plurality of high-power transistors and extending into the resonant cavity are configured to match an impedance of each transistor to an impedance of the resonant cavity and configured to electromagnetically couple power from each of the plurality of high-power transistors into the resonant cavity to provide a combined high-power output to the high-power transmission line.

Abstract: One approach to providing atomic oxygen for the purpose of promoting more rapid and compact combustion is to disperse a low concentration of an atomic oxygen precursor, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), into the compressed air in the cylinder before or close to the time of ignition. The introduction of N2O may take place in the intake manifold, directly into the combustion chamber through a small orifice in the base of the fuel injector or a small nozzle located elsewhere in the cylinder head, or the N2O can be added as a solute to the injected fuel.

Abstract: Atomic oxygen is provided for the purpose of promoting reliable ignition and smooth combustion in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is to disperse a low concentration of an atomic oxygen precursor, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), into the flammable mixture of air and gasoline vapor prior to the time of ignition. The introduction of N2O may take place in the intake manifold, in the stream of exhaust gas being returned as part of the EGR process, or directly into the combustion chamber (for example through a small orifice in the base of the spark plug or through a small nozzle located elsewhere in the cylinder head). Introduction of N2O directly into the combustion chamber may be continuous, or it may be pulsed so as to occur at the time of, or shortly before, spark ignition.

Abstract: A resonant cavity combined solid-state amplifier system including a resonant cavity having at least one output port coupled to a high-power transmission line. A plurality of high-power transistors are each configured to generate a variable amount of power input directly into the resonant cavity. The plurality of high-power transistors may be configured such that a failure of one or more of the plurality of high-power transistors does not substantially impede operation of the resonant cavity. A plurality of output impedance matching networks each coupled to one of the plurality of high-power transistors and extending into the resonant cavity are configured to match an impedance of each transistor to an impedance of the resonant cavity and configured to electromagnetically couple power from each of the plurality of high-power transistors into the resonant cavity to provide a combined high-power output to the high-power transmission line.

Abstract: Atomic oxygen is provided for the purpose of promoting reliable ignition and smooth combustion in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is to disperse a low concentration of an atomic oxygen precursor, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), into the flammable mixture of air and gasoline vapor prior to the time of ignition. The introduction of N2O may take place in the intake manifold, in the stream of exhaust gas being returned as part of the EGR process, or directly into the combustion chamber (for example through a small orifice in the base of the spark plug or through a small nozzle located elsewhere in the cylinder head). Introduction of N2O directly into the combustion chamber may be continuous, or it may be pulsed so as to occur at the time of, or shortly before, spark ignition.

Abstract: One approach to providing atomic oxygen for the purpose of promoting more rapid and compact combustion is to disperse a low concentration of an atomic oxygen precursor, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), into the compressed air in the cylinder before or close to the time of ignition. The introduction of N2O may take place in the intake manifold, directly into the combustion chamber through a small orifice in the base of the fuel injector or a small nozzle located elsewhere in the cylinder head, or the N2O can be added as a solute to the injected fuel.

Abstract: Atomic oxygen is provided for the purpose of promoting reliable ignition and smooth combustion in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is to disperse a low concentration of an atomic oxygen precursor, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), into the flammable mixture of air and gasoline vapor prior to the time of ignition. The introduction of N2O may take place in the intake manifold, in the stream of exhaust gas being returned as part of the EGR process, or directly into the combustion chamber (for example through a small orifice in the base of the spark plug or through a small nozzle located elsewhere in the cylinder head). Introduction of N2O directly into the combustion chamber may be continuous, or it may be pulsed so as to occur at the time of or shortly before, spark ignition.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of a UV light injector assembly is used to apply intense light that includes short wavelength UV to the interior of an engine cylinder near the desired time of fuel ignition. In an example embodiment, the light is produced by a short-arc xenon flash lamp. This flash lamp includes an integral reflector (e.g., a parabolic reflector) to collimate the majority of its light into parallel rays. The assembly includes a window for passing UV light into the cylinder. To direct the collimated rays of light from the flash lamp through the window a UV-transparent condensing lens is used to focus the light from the flash lamp onto the window.

Abstract: A diesel engine fuel delivery system is equipped for addition of N2O to the fuel supply of a diesel engine. Fuel from a tank passes through an outlet tube to a low pressure pump which delivers it through a fuel filter. Simultaneously liquid N2O from a pressurized tank passes through a metering valve where it merges with the fuel before passing through a high, constant pressure, on-demand pump. The N2O-loaded fuel then enters a high pressure manifold, called a common rail, where its pressure is monitored by a sensor before it enters individual injectors which spray it, with proper timing into the combustion zone of each cylinder. The desired fuel injection timing can be adjusted and controlled by an electronic engine control unit similar to those commonly installed on modern vehicular diesel engines.

Abstract: A smaller sized flip dot display utilizes a magnetically actuated pixel that rotates between two orientations. The orientations display two different optical states. A simulated dot matrix design improves the aesthetics and consumer appeal, and also permits a flip dot display capable of producing a positive contrast display image with darker colored “ON” pixels contrasting with brighter background and “OFF” pixels by reducing the visibility of the spacing gap between each rotating pixel and the surrounding background. An interwoven configuration of magnetic actuators with a coil around each arm of a U-shaped core may result in lower power consumption, low production cost, and small size required for use in consumer and small mobile devices such as watches and mobile phones.

Abstract: The system contains a top permanent magnet and a bottom permanent magnet. The bottom magnet is axially aligned with the top magnet. The top magnet and the bottom magnet have substantially opposing magnetization. A top coil is positioned substantially enclosing the top magnet. A bottom coil is positioned substantially enclosing the bottom magnet. A ferromagnetic spacer is positioned between the top magnet and the bottom magnet. A slug is slidably positioned within the top coil and bottom coil. The slug has an opening formed therein. The slug opening is sized and positioned to slidably receive at least one of the top magnet, the bottom magnet, and the ferromagnetic spacer. An actuating member is integral with the slug.

Abstract: The system contains a first planar permanent magnet having a first direction of magnetization and a first opening formed therein. A second planar permanent magnet has a second direction of magnetization and a second opening formed therein. The second opening is axially aligned with the first opening. The direction of magnetization of the first planar permanent magnet opposes the direction of magnetization of the second planar permanent magnet. A plurality of stationary coils are provided, wherein at least one of the stationary coils is located within the first opening and at least one of the stationary coils is located within the second opening. A pair of extension members traverses the first opening and the second opening. A magnetizable slug is integral with each of the extension members.

Abstract: A smaller sized flip dot display utilizes a magnetically actuated segment that rotates between two orientations. The orientations display two different optical states. There are disclosed various designs implementing magnetic actuators in conjunction with one or more of microcontrollers, capacitors, balanced flippers, sequentially driven flippers and other features to reduce power consumption of small mobile devices such as watches.

Abstract: The system contains a top permanent magnet and a bottom permanent magnet. The bottom magnet is axially aligned with the top magnet. The top magnet and the bottom magnet have substantially opposing magnetization. A top coil is positioned substantially enclosing the top magnet. A bottom coil is positioned substantially enclosing the bottom magnet. A ferromagnetic spacer is positioned between the top magnet and the bottom magnet. A slug is slidably positioned within the top coil and bottom coil. The slug has an opening formed therein. The slug opening is sized and positioned to slidably receive at least one of the top magnet, the bottom magnet, and the ferromagnetic spacer. An actuating member is integral with the slug.

Abstract: The system contains a first planar permanent magnet having a first direction of magnetization and a first opening formed therein. A second planar permanent magnet has a second direction of magnetization and a second opening formed therein. The second opening is axially aligned with the first opening. The direction of magnetization of the first planar permanent magnet opposes the direction of magnetization of the second planar permanent magnet. A plurality of stationary coils are provided, wherein at least one of the stationary coils is located within the first opening and at least one of the stationary coils is located within the second opening. A pair of extension members traverses the first opening and the second opening. A magnetizable slug is integral with each of the extension members.

Abstract: A miniature actuator, e.g., for use in a Micro Air Vehicle, comprises at least one nested array of magnets, with an outer annular magnet with a magnetization pointing in an axial direction, a middle annular magnet with a radial magnetization, and an inner cylindrical magnet with a magnetization directed anti-parallel to the magnetization of the outer annular magnet. In one embodiment, a permanent magnet actuator comprises such an array, and a conductive coil having a current distributed over the volume of the conductive coil, wherein the magnetic field of the array is perpendicular to the current located in the coil. The coil may be located above or below the first magnetic array. In another embodiment, a conductive coil is disposed between two magnetic arrays. The coil may have a winding that is pancake-shaped, solenoidal, or toroidal and may comprise more than one winding.

Abstract: A miniature actuator, e.g., for use in a Micro Air Vehicle, comprises at least one nested array of magnets, with an outer annular magnet with a magnetization pointing in an axial direction, a middle annular magnet with a radial magnetization, and an inner cylindrical magnet with a magnetization directed anti-parallel to the magnetization of the outer annular magnet. In one embodiment, a permanent magnet actuator comprises such an array, and a conductive coil having a current distributed over the volume of the conductive coil, wherein the magnetic field of the array is perpendicular to the current located in the coil. The coil may be located above or below the first magnetic array. In another embodiment, a conductive coil is disposed between two magnetic arrays. The coil may have a winding that is pancake-shaped, solenoidal, or toroidal and may comprise more than one winding.

Abstract: A new data storage device that includes one or more digital data storage elements, each element including a magnetic core, and an input addressing portion comprising a magnetic input addressing element for receiving at an input magnetic flux representing a data value and selectively coupling a flux to an output for transmission to a magnetic core in response to addressing flux generated therein. An output element magnetically coupled to a magnetic core detects transitions in magnetic flux in a magnetic core. In addition, the data storage element may further comprise an output addressing portion comprising a magnetic input addressing element for receiving at an input magnetic flux representative of flux in a magnetic core and selectively coupling a flux to an output in response to addressing flux generated therein.