Abstract: Methods and compositions for increasing RNAi efficiency through single nucleotide mismatches.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for increasing RNAi efficiency through single nucleotide mismatches.

Abstract: Systems and methods for refining estimated effects of parameters on amplitudes are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: (a) obtain ranges of parameter values for individual parameters within a subsurface region of interest; (b) generate a first model of the subsurface region of interest; (c) calculate a synthetic seismogram from the first model to determine corresponding amplitudes; (d) store results of applying the synthetic seismogram; (e) repeat steps (b)-(d) for multiple additional models; (f) obtain a subsurface distribution; (g) apply the subsurface distribution to the multiple models and the corresponding amplitudes; (h) generate a representation; and (i) display the representation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for refining estimated effects of parameters on amplitudes are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: (a) obtain ranges of parameter values for individual parameters within a subsurface region of interest; (b) generate a first model of the subsurface region of interest; (c) calculate a synthetic seismogram from the first model to determine corresponding amplitudes; (d) store results of applying the synthetic seismogram; (e) repeat steps (b)-(d) for multiple additional models; (f) obtain a subsurface distribution; (g) apply the subsurface distribution to the multiple models and the corresponding amplitudes; (h) generate a representation; and (i) display the representation.

Abstract: The invention relates to microRNAs, methods of producing microRNAs and methods for using microRNAs.

Abstract: The invention relates to microRNAs, methods of producing microRNAs and methods for using microRNAs.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to microRNAs such as vertebrate microRNA (miRNA), for example, mammalian miRNA. Various aspects of the invention are directed to the detection, production, or expression of miRNA. In one aspect, the invention provides systems and methods for identifying targets of miRNA sequences. For instance, in one embodiment, gene sequences comprising UTRs are compared with miRNA sequences to determine the degree of interaction, for example, by determining a free energy measurement between the miRNA sequence and the UTR, and/or by determining complementarity between at least a portion of the miRNA sequence and the UTR. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the regulation of gene expression using miRNA. For example, gene expression within a cell may be altered by exposing the cell to an oligonucleotide comprising a sequence that is substantially antisense to at least a portion of an miRNA region of the gene, for example, antisense to a 6-mer or 7-mer portion of the miRNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Drosophila in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene function. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Drosophila in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene function. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Drosophila in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene finction. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Drosophila in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene function. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response.

Abstract: A safe having a support assembly disposed in the interior of the safe. The door of the safe is coupled to the support assembly and is shiftable between a closed position wherein the door is received in an opening of the safe and an open position wherein the door is removed from the opening in the safe and disposed in the interior of the safe.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to microRNAs such as vertebrate microRNA (miRNA), for example, mammalian miRNA. Various aspects of the invention are directed to the detection, production, or expression of miRNA. In one aspect, the invention provides systems and methods for identifying targets of miRNA sequences. For instance, in one embodiment, gene sequences comprising UTRs are compared with miRNA sequences to determine the degree of interaction, for example, by determining a free energy measurement between the miRNA sequence and the UTR, and/or by determining complementarity between at least a portion of the miRNA sequence and the UTR. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the regulation of gene expression using miRNA. For example, gene expression within a cell may be altered by exposing the cell to an oligonucleotide comprising a sequence that is substantially antisense to at least a portion of an miRNA region of the gene, for example, antisense to a 6-mer or 7-mer portion of the miRNA.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the production and expression of microRNA (miRNA) in plants. In some cases, production and expression of miRNA can be used to at least partially inhibit or alter gene expression in plants. For instance, in some embodiments, a nucleotide sequence, which may encode a sequence substantially complementary to a gene to be inhibited or otherwise altered, may be prepared and inserted into a plant cell. Expression of the nucleotide sequence may cause the formation of precursor miRNA, which may, in turn, be cleaved (for example, with Dicer or other nucleases, including, for example, nucleases associated with RNA interference), to produce an miRNA sequence substantially complementary to the gene. The miRNA sequence may then interact with the gene (e.g., complementary binding) to inhibit the gene. In some cases, the nucleotide sequence may be an isolated nucleotide sequence.

Abstract: A safe having a support assembly disposed in the interior of the safe. The door of the safe is coupled to the support assembly and is shiftable between a closed position wherein the door is received in an opening of the safe and an open position wherein the door is removed from the opening in the safe and disposed in the interior of the safe.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to nucleotide sequences and, in particular, to nucleotide sequences able to bind to or otherwise associate with DNA or chromatin, or otherwise modulate chromatin silencing. In certain embodiments, the nucleotide sequence may be present in (or encode for) a noncoding and/or nonexpressable RNA having less than 50 or 100 nucleotides, preferably about 20-30 nucleotides. In some cases, a precursor nucleic acid may be cleaved in some fashion to produce the nucleotide sequence. In one set of embodiments, the nucleotide sequences of the invention are not native to the cell, i.e., not normally present in the cell. In certain cases, the nucleotide sequence may be a 20-25 nucleotide RNA molecule that occurs naturally in other cells and/or in other organisms, or the nucleotide sequence may be an artificially generated nucleotide sequence, and in such cases, the nucleotide sequence is referred to herein as “heterochromatic small interfering RNA,” or “heterochromatic siRNA.

Abstract: The invention relates to microRNAs, methods of producing microRNAs and methods for using microRNAs.