Abstract: A distributed system includes two or more components, where at least one of the components is a Policy Decision Point (PDP). The PDP is capable of requesting information from another component of the distributed system, and the PDP is capable of executing an authorization process based on one or more policies defined in a policy language. The policy language includes a communicate command, an execution of which causes the PDP to request information from another component in the distributed system. The policy language also includes a fail operator, which defines handling of failures of the communicate command. An analysis tool for analyzing a result of an authorization process in a Policy Decision Point is also described.

Abstract: The method for communicating between a first device and a second device, the first and second devices being structured and configured for communicating via a communication channel by exchanging messages, comprises the steps of a) the first device transmitting a challenge message to the second device; b) the second device, in reaction to receiving the challenge message: b1) carrying out a processing on the received challenge message; b2) generating a response message, said response message being derived in dependence of said challenge message; and b3) transmitting the response message to the first device; c) the first device receiving the transmitted response message and determining a time elapsed between the transmitting of the challenge message and the reception of the response message; d) the first device computing, in dependence of said determined time, of a value indicative of a travelling speed of the challenge and the response messages and of a value indicative of a processing time assumed to be req

Abstract: A method for communicating between a first device and a second device is shown. The devices are structured and configured for communicating via a communication channel by exchanging messages.