Abstract: The present invention is a method of manufacturing toner particles that includes providing a first emulsion of a first aqueous phase comprising a pore stabilizing hydrocolloid dispersed in an organic solution containing a polymer. The first emulsion is dispersed in a second aqueous phase to form a second emulsion that is sheared in the presence of a stabilizing agent to form droplets of the first emulsion in the second aqueous phase. The organic solution is evaporated from the droplets to form porous toner particles.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of manufacturing toner particles that includes providing a first emulsion of a first aqueous phase comprising a pore stabilizing hydrocolloid dispersed in an organic solution containing a polymer. The first emulsion is dispersed in a second aqueous phase to form a second emulsion that is sheared in the presence of a stabilizing agent to form droplets of the first emulsion in the second aqueous phase. The organic solution is evaporated from the droplets to form porous toner particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protective transparent overcoat comprising a protective polymer and a surfactant compound having multiple non-end-group hydrogen bonding groups directly or indirectly bonded to the backbone chain of the surfactant compound. The coating enables simplified manufacturing of a thermal sublimation dye transfer donor of high quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protective transparent overcoat comprising a protective polymer and a surfactant compound having multiple non-end-group hydrogen bonding groups directly or indirectly bonded to the backbone chain of the surfactant compound. The coating enables simplified manufacturing of a thermal sublimation dye transfer donor of high quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protective transparent overcoat comprising a protective polymer and a surfactant compound having multiple non-end-group hydrogen bonding groups directly or indirectly bonded to the backbone chain of the surfactant compound. The coating enables simplified manufacturing of a thermal sublimation dye transfer donor of high quality.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the measuring osmotic pressure of a solution. A sample of a solution is placed into a sample cell above a membrane supported in the sample cell and the sample cell is sealed. Gas at an elevated pressure is introduced into the sample cell to drive a quantity of dialyzate through the membrane and into a transparent dialyzate exit tube adapted to receive the dialyzate which passes through the membrane. The elevated pressure of the gas is varied through a pressure regulator to yield a substantially stationary dialyzate meniscus in the transparent dialyzate exit tube. The pressure in the sample cell is measured by reading a pressure gauge showing the elevated pressure of the gas that yielded the substantially stationary dialyzate meniscus, the elevated pressure of the gas being substantially equivalent to the osmotic pressure of the sample.

Abstract: A method of reducing the tendency toward formation of coating non-uniformities in the coating of multilayer photographic elements is disclosed. More particularly, the present invention involves the coating of a non-gelatin coating over a topmost gelatin layer in a photographic element. In one embodiment, a processing-solution-permeable overcoat is simultaneously coated with the emulsion layers onto a photographic substrate, which overcoat becomes water and stain resistant in the photochemically processed product. In the latter embodiment, the overcoat formulation comprises at least one water-dispersible hydrophobic polymer interspersed with a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the measuring osmotic pressure of a solution. A sample of a solution is placed into a sample cell above a membrane supported in the sample cell and the sample cell is sealed. Gas at an elevated pressure is introduced into the sample cell to drive a quantity of dialyzate through the membrane and into a transparent dialyzate exit tube adapted to receive the dialyzate which passes through the membrane. The elevated pressure of the gas is varied through a pressure regulator to yield a substantially stationary dialyzate meniscus in the transparent dialyzate exit tube. The pressure in the sample cell is measured by reading a pressure gauge showing the elevated pressure of the gas that yielded the substantially stationary dialyzate meniscus, the elevated pressure of the gas being substantially equivalent to the osmotic pressure of the sample.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the concentration of a solution having a predetermined osmotic pressure and/or for generating a solution with a predetermined osmotic pressure. The method is performed by placing a sample of a solution into a sample cell, the sample cell including therein a membrane supported therein; sealing the sample in the sample cell; introducing gas at a predetermined elevated pressure substantially equal to the predetermined osmotic pressure; and generating a dialyzate by allowing the solution to dialyze through the membrane until equilibrium is achieved and no more dialyzate passes through while the sample cell is maintained at the predetermined elevated pressure, the sample remaining in the sample cell having an osmotic pressure substantially equal to the predetermined elevated pressure; collecting the dialyzate of said generating step; and weighing the dialyzate of said collecting step to determine the concentration of the solution remaining in the sample cell.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the concentration of a solution having a predetermined osmotic pressure and/or for generating a solution with a predetermined osmotic pressure. The method is performed by placing a sample of a solution into a sample cell, the sample cell including therein a membrane supported therein; sealing the sample in the sample cell; introducing gas at a predetermined elevated pressure substantially equal to the predetermined osmotic pressure; and generating a dialyzate by allowing the solution to dialyze through the membrane until equilibrium is achieved and no more dialyzate passes through while the sample cell is maintained at the predetermined elevated pressure, the sample remaining in the sample cell having an osmotic pressure substantially equal to the predetermined elevated pressure; collecting the dialyzate of said generating step; and weighing the dialyzate of said collecting step to determine the concentration of the solution remaining in the sample cell.

Abstract: A method is provided which allows for monitoring changes in osmotic pressure of a sample as a function of time and/or temperature. This is accomplished by placing a sample of a solution at an initial temperature into the sample cell above the membrane supported in the sample cell; sealing the sample in the sample cell; introducing gas at an elevated pressure to the sample cell to generate a dialyzate by allowing a portion of the solution to dialyze through the membrane; varying the elevated pressure of the gas until equilibrium across the membrane is substantially achieved; changing the temperature of the solution over time; measuring the osmotic pressure at predetermined intervals of time; and calculating the changes in the osmotic pressure.